chpt 11: gram - vs gram + prokaryotes (eubacteria) Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
examples of gram - proterobacteria
A
- alpha
- beta
- gamma
- delta
- elipson
2
Q
rickesstia ricksetti is an example of
A
alpha gram - proterobacteria
3
Q
shape of rickesstia ricksetti + chemical determinant
A
coccobaciluus, bacillus and aerobic
4
Q
example of parasites
A
rickesstia ricksetti
5
Q
how is rickesstia ricksetti spread
A
by insects or ticks
6
Q
spotter fever, red rash, damage to cardiovascular system (causes changes in permeability of bv) is caused by
A
rickesstia ricksetti
7
Q
bordetta pertussis and neisseria are examples of
A
beta gram - proterobacteria
8
Q
bordetta perussis causes and why
A
whooping cough (infants) cuz of the presence of the capsule
9
Q
shape and chemical factor of bordetta perussis
A
aerobic and baccilus
10
Q
shape and chemical factor of bordetta perussis
A
aerobic and bacillus
11
Q
what are two neisseria sub species
A
- n. gonorrhea
- n. meningitis
12
Q
chemical factor and inhabition of neisseria
A
aerobic + mucous membranes
13
Q
structure and shape of n. gonorrhea
A
dipoloccio, capluse and frimbra
14
Q
which is a really bad type of meningisits
A
n. meningitis
15
Q
shape and structure of n. meningitis
A
capsule and diplococci
16
Q
exmaples of gamma gram - proterobacteria
A
- pseudomonadales
- legionellales
- vibronaleo
- enteriobacteriates
- pastuerellales
17
Q
moraxella lacunata and pseduomma aeruginosa are examples of
A
pseudomonadales
18
Q
what do all pseudomonadales have in common
A
- aerobic
- almost the same genetic capacity as eukaryote yeasts
- synthesize large amount of enzymes and metabolize a lot
- HAVE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
19
Q
shape and structures of pseduomma aeruginosa
A
- rod
- mono or lipo flagella
20
Q
what gram - proteobacteria produces a water soluble green/ blue pigment through the body
A
pseduomma aeruginosa
21
Q
where are pseduomma aeruginosa found
A
soil and other natural enviorment
22
Q
what do pseduomma aeruginosa cause
A
- abescesses
- infection in burn wounds that cause death
- UTIs
- cystic fibrosis
- meningitisi
- food spoilage through psychotrophes
- blood injfections such as sepsis
23
Q
what may be a contamination source found in dirty mop waters in hospitals
A
pseduomma aeruginosa
24
Q
shape and structure of morexlla lacuanta
A
coccobacillus and aerobic
25
what causes conjunctivitis / pink eye
morexlla lacuanta
26
examples of legionellales
- legionella pneumophila
- coxiella burnetti
27
what can happen when one has legionella pneumophila
- pontaic fever (mild pnemonia that is more common)
OR
- legionnaries diease (fatal)
28
shape and chemical factor of legionella pneumophila
aerobic, rod
29
which gamma diesease is spread by water (AC, shower heads, water fountains, supply water)
legionella pneumophila
30
who is more affected by coxiella burnetti
farm people, as the it is spread through animal placenta
31
symptoms of coxiella burnetti
mild pneumonia and Q fever
32
chemical factor and structure of vibrio cholera
-FACULATIVELY anaerobic
- polar flagella
33
what causes watery diarrhea (rice water stool), has dead cells and electrolytes and can cause death
vibrio cholera
34
which type of gamma bacterias are:
- all rods
- facultatively anaerobic
- peritrchous flaggella
- have all frimbrae
- pili when needed
- effect the colon region
- produces bacteriocins
enteriobacteriates
35
example of enteriobacteriates
- e. coli
- salmonella
- shingella dysenteria
36
function of bactericins
- destroy other species of bacteria
37
whar enteriobacteriates is known as a lab pet and used to determine water purity
e. coli
38
e. coli is also known as
travellers diarehha
39
what casues e coli
consuming food or water that contains fecal matter
40
symptoms of e coli include
- gastroenteritis
- UTI
41
types of salmonella
- s. entrica
- s. typhi
42
what do all salmonella have in common
- all are pathogenic
- live in gi tract
- have flagella and capsule that serve as antigens
43
what g - protoerbacteria is infectious to warm bllood animals, is known as salomonellosis, most common, causes gastrientisis
salmonella entrica
44
which salmonella is always casued by food
s. entrica
45
how is s. typhi spread
humans through urine or feces
46
which of the salomenlla bacteria is more srs
s. typhi
47
symptom of s. typhi
typhoid fever
48
what occurs when fecal matter enters orally
shigella dysnetria aka shigellosis
49
symptoms of shigella dysenteria
- sever dehydration
- death
- more children are vulnerable
50
which gamma sub bacteria are non motile
pasterurellales
51
example of pasterurellales is
hemophillus influenza
52
where does hemophillus influenza inhabit
mucous membrane:
- upper respiratory tract
- mouth
- vagina
- GI tract
53
what kinda media does hemophillus influenza need to grow
chocolate agar
54
symptoms of hemophillus influenza
- meningitis in 6 months old to 4 yrs
- atypical (mild) pneumonia
- ottis media ( middle ear infection)
- sinusitis
- epiglottis
- mild arthritis
55
why does hemophillus influenza grow under aerobic conditons
needs the ETC which is provided by the blood
56
which components of the ETC/ blood are needed by hemophillus influenza
- v factor
- x factor
57
NAD+ and NADP+ is part of
v factor
58
what does x-factor provide
cytochrome
59
which gram - proterobacteria produces zero illness that harm humans
delta
60
what do the two elipson disease have in common
- microaerophiles
- vibrios
61
helicobaerta pylori and camplybacteria jejuni are examples of
gram - proterobacteria : EPSLION
62
what type of flagella does helicobaerta pylori have
periarchous flaggela
63
peptide ulces and stiomach cancer is caused by
helicobaerta pylori
64
which elipson disease is worse
helicobaerta pylori
65
which elipson has a monoacrhous flagella
camplybacteria jejuni
66
abdominal cramps and diarrhoea is caused by
camplybacteria jejuni
67
is camplybacteria jejuni food borne
yes
68
chlamydiae is an example of
gram - non proterobacteria
69
what does the cell wall of chlamydiae lack
PG
70
shape and chemcial factor of chlamydiae
- coccobaccluis
- aerobic
71
what is spread through
- sexual contact
- interpersonal contact (sharing towels)
- airborne respiratory
chlamydiae
72
where does chlamydiae trachomitis grow
eukaryootic cells
73
what is the #1 leading cause of blindness
eye infection, trachome, caused by chlamydiae trachomitis
74
examples of STIs caused by chlamydiae trachomitis
non-goncoccal urthtits
lympho granulosma unereum
75
swollen lymph nodes accompany
chlamydiae trachomitis
76
what is the elementary body of chlamydiae trachomitis
infective part that kills host cells
77
reticulate body function in humans and cause
- chlamydiae trachomitis
- multiply
78
examples of gram - non-proteobacteria
- chlamdydiae
- fusobacteria
- bacteriodetes
- spirochaetes
79
treponema pallidum is an example of
spirochaetes, gram - nonproteobacteria
80
where are many spirochaetes are found
human oral cavity
81
which gram - non proteo bacteria move with axial filament/ endoflaggella
spirochaetes
82
what causes syphilis
treponema pallidum
83
can syphilis grow in vitro/ agar
no
84
fusobacterium shape and chemical factor
- pointed rod/ spindle shape
- anaerobic
85
what causes ginvitus and dental abscess
fusobacterium
86
what results from puncture wounds or surgery
bacteriode sp
87
shape and chemical component of bacteriode sp
- typical rod and anaerobic
- non motile
88
where does bacteriode sp live
human intestinal tract
89
what can cause a bowel infection known as peritonitis
bacteriode sp
90
examples of gram + bacterium
- fermicules
- ternicutes
- actinobacteria
91
examples of gram + fermicules
- streptococcus
- clostridales
- bacillales
- lactobacillales
- listeria
- enterococcus
92
what do the 4 clostridium bacterium have in common
- lollipop rods
- endospores on one end
- anaerobes
- soil microbes
93
what occurs when antibody therapy alters normal intestinal microbes
c. diff
94
what happens with c. perfringes
- death of tissue from decrease blood supply (gangrae)
- common foodborn diarrhea
95
examples of bacillales
- b. anthracis
- staphylococcus aures
- s. epidermus
96
is b. anthracis non- motile and a soil microbe
yes
97
where are the endospore located in b. anthracis
middle
98
chemical factor of b.anthracis
- aerobic or FACULTATIVELY anaerobic
99
how is b. anthraic given to human
through lifestock products: meat, leather, hide
100
function of the gold colour/ shine of staphylococcus aures
some protection from antimicrobial effects of sunlight
101
chemical factor of staphylococcus aures
FACULTATIVELY anaerobic
102
what can be found in nasal cavity and ham and cured meats
staphylococcus aures
103
what does staphylococcus aures cause
- skin infection (stye)
- TSS
- food poisoning (fast)
104
what disease can become pathogenic when the skin is cut
s. epidermis
105
function of s. epidermis
- keep skin healthy
106
which fermicules is non pathogenic
- lactobacillales
107
shape and chemical factor of lactobacillus sp
rods and aerotolerant (fermenters)
108
what does lactobacillus sp lack and cant use
lack cytochrome system and cant use O2
109
where is lactobacillus sp found
- vagina
- intestinal tract
- oral cavity
110
what inhibits growth of competing organism in lactobacillus sp
the lactic acid produced
111
what is good for female health
lactobacillus sp
112
when does lactobacillus sp increase in females
during puberty and pregnancy
113
significane of increased lactobacillus sp during puberty
- metabolized sugar from estrogen, increase in lactic acid which makes the vagina acidic
114
what does excessive cleaning of vagina cause in realtion to lactobacillus sp
UTIs
115
where do babies get most of their lactobacillus sp from
- exit through vaginal canal
116
what gram + bacteria causes many illness and many diseases (most pathogenic)
streptococcus (fermicules)
117
which gram + bacteria have low G+C
fermicules
118
chemical factor of streptococcus
areotolerant
119
what can be grown in blood agar
streptococcus
120
examples of streptococcus
s. pyogens (strep throat)
s. pneumonia
s. mutants
121
what does s. pyrogens cause
- strep
- rheumatic and scarlet fever
- pharyngitis (sore throat)
- middle eat infection
122
what is beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus
- s. pyogens
123
what causes red cell death and end result is a clear zone
beta-hemolytic
124
how does s.pyrogens attach and avoid phagocytosis
- m. protein
- capsule
125
what metabolizes Hb, doesn't kill rbc and produces a green zone and only occurs in the presence of O2
alpha- hemolytic
126
what causes pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis
- s. pneumonia
127
how do s. mutants attach to teeth to cause dental caries
capsule
128
s. pneumonia and mutants are aka
a-hemolytic
129
chemical factor of enterococcus
- FACULTATIVELY anaerobic
130
where is enterococcus found
- GI tract
- vagina
- oral cavity
- human stool
131
what gram + bacteria causes nosocomial infections in surgical wounds and catheters tips
enterococcus
132
why are enterococcus called hardy microbes
- live under fingernails
- bedding
- air
133
mycoplasma is an example of
gram + tenericutes
134
why are mycoplasma pleomorphic
lack cell wall
135
smallest microbes are
- mycoplasma
136
which bacterium are mycoplasma similar to
lactobacillus
137
what gram + has medium ?? g+c
tenericutes
138
example of mycoplasma is
m. pneumoniae
139
what type of pneumonia is knwon as walking pneumonia and is mild with a slight cough and fatigue and is common in uni kids
m. pneumoniae
140
what is used to treat m. pneumoniae
- tetracycline
141
what is the ratio of G + C of actinobacteria
high
142
examples of actinobacteria
mycobacteria
cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
propionobacteria
143
shape and chemical factor of mycobacteria
- aerobic and rod
- non endospore
144
what does the cell wall of mycobacteria contain
mycolic acid
145
what does myocolic acid protect the cell from
- dryness
- antiseptics
- antibiotics
146
which colonies take 4-6 weeks to grow, cuz nutrients are slow to enter
mycobacteria
147
what time of staining is used for mycobacteria
acid-fast stain
148
how is myocolic acid similar to - cell wall
lipopolysaccharide part
149
how long does tb treatment take
9 months
150
which mycobacteria is more likely to be more pathogenic to human
tuberculosis
151
which mycobacteria treatment takes 6 months to 2 years
m. leprae
152
where is m. leprae found
- non pathogenic soil
- water microbes
153
which mycobacterium is a fast grower and infects wounds
m. leprae
154
is tb a slow or fast grower
- slow grower
155
example of mycobacterium
- tb
- leprosy
- cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
156
shape and chemcial factor of cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
rods but also plemorphic
- anaerobic
157
palisade (more common) and chinese alphabet are found in
cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
158
what disease form pseudomembrane and upper resp diseases and eventually suffocate pt
cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
159
structure of cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
- have lil graunles that store P
160
function of granules in cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
emit colour/ shine light through
161
shape and chemical factor of propionobacteria
- rod and anaerobic
162
what causes most acne
propionobacteria acnes
163
what is used for fermentation of swiss cheese
propionobacteria
164
what produces propionic acid + co2 as an end result
swiss cheese
165
what gives the flavour in swiss cheese
propionic acid
166
function of CO2 in swiss cheese
causes cheese to form lil holes
167
listeria monocytogenes chemical factor and shape
rods and facultatively anaerobic
168
what disease is psychotropic and can centre through contaminated food cuts, nuts, soft cheese (feta), milk, and deli salads
listeria monocytogenes
169
what does listeria monocytogenes cause
- meningitis as it affects monocytes
- really bad during pregnancy
170
which streptococci bacteria is actually a diplococci
s. pneumonia
