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chpt 13: viruses Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

why are viruses considered alive

A

cuz they cause infection and disease

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2
Q

what makes viruses viruses

A
  • contain single type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
  • contain a protein coat
  • multiply inside cells
  • cause synthesis of specialized structures
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3
Q

what are bacteriophaes/ phages

A

viruses that infect bacteria

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4
Q

fully developed infectious composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein coat outside a host cell is

A

virion

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5
Q

are virions obligate parasites

A

virion

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6
Q

what makes a virion a virion

A
  • genome or DNA or RNA
  • caspid
  • envelope (sometimes)
  • spkies (sometimes)
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7
Q

what separates virions into categories

A

genome

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8
Q

what is caspid made of

A
  • protien coat
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9
Q

function of capsid

A
  • protection for genome
  • attachment to host cell
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10
Q

what takes up most of the mass of the virus

A

capsid

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11
Q

what is made of protein, CHO or phospholipids

A

envelope

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12
Q

location of envople

A

on top of capsid

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13
Q

what determines the proteins of envelope

A

viral nucleic acid and from host

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14
Q

what are spikes made of

A
  • protein
  • CHO
    = glycoprotein (GP)
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15
Q

function of hemeaggulitation spike (HA)

A
  • used for entry into host cell
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16
Q

what causes mutations in HA

A

protein changing in spike

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17
Q

what is used for identity of viruses

A

spikes (HA)

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18
Q

what is used to leave host cell

A
  • neuraminidase spille (NA)
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19
Q

what kind of genome does HIV have

A

2 identical RNA strand

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20
Q

how does HIV infect

A
  • attachment
  • fusion
  • entry
  • multiply
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21
Q

structure of HIV

A
  • genome
  • capsid
  • envelope
  • GP spike
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22
Q

what kind of GP does HIV have

A
  • gp-41
  • gp-120
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23
Q

what is enzyme-reverse transcriptase

Study These Flashcards
A

enzyme that HIV carries
- uses viral RNA as template to produce complementary double stranded DNA

24
Q

where does HIV bind to human cells

Study These Flashcards
A

CD4 receptor on Th

25
what is it called when RNA turns to DNA
reverse transcription
26
provirus is
an virsus that makes new molecules for itself within the host, makes more DNA - viral DNA intergrade into host cell chromosome
27
how does medication attack HIV
- attacks the reverse transcription process
28
how does medication attack HIV
- attacks the reverse transcription process
29
how is viral load determined
based on number of virions in blood
30
how many virons does it take to cause an infection
1 or 2
31
what kinda of infections can occur after having HIV for a while
- cancer - fungal - herpes
32
when is there a 50% decrease in CD4 count
stage A of HIV
33
how is rate of infection. likelihood of one being infected occurred
amount of CD4 present - more CD4 = less likely to be infected
34
what happens in stage B of HIV
- count drops to 499-200 - cancer can occur
35
at which stage of HIV is the CD4 less than 200
stage C
36
once the viral DNA is the host cell does it come out
no
37
first step in viral maturation
- assembly of protein capsid
38
budding is
process of envolpe developing
39
extrusion of virus from host cell =
method of release
40
how does a non-envolpe virus release
through ruptures in host cell pls mem = death of host
41
where does RNA of a virus multiply
in the cytoplasm
42
where is RNA- dependent RNA polymerase made
in host cell
43
active infection is
- making new virion and regeneration
44
examples of latent infection
- simplexvirus/ cold sores
45
hiding and reemerging of an infection is known as
latent infection
46
why is it difficult to make a vaccine for HIV
mutations
47
retrovirus is
a RNA virus that has enzyme reverse transcriptase
48
lytic infection is
acute, virus eventually kills all cells
49
a cold is an example of
a lytic infection
50
what type of infection can go on for years with virions building up
persistent infections
51
meseasles and HIV ____ infections
persistent
52
what affects brain cells and causes brain degeneration
meseasles
53
latent infection function
- acute infection at some point, hides and reemerge with new virions and symptoms
54
fever blisters/ cold sores, shingles / chicken pox = ____ infection
latent
55
what type of infection converts normal cells to cancer cells
oncogensis infection
56
examples of ocognesis infection
- kerp - burkittis lymphoma (herpes-4) = oral cavity tumor - nasophrangyeal cancer (herpes-4)

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