Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NASM > CHPT 7 > Flashcards

CHPT 7 Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Movement is described in three dimensions that are based on planes, which include

A

the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

______ describes the observable movement of a limb

A

Osteokinematic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

______ describes the movement taking place at the joint itself

A

Arthrokinematic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The _________ is an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and le􀅌 sides.

A

sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Movements in the sagittal plane include ____ and ______ , and ________ and ________ of the foot and ankle

A
  • flexion and extension
  • plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The _______ bisects the body to create front and back halves

A

frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Movements in the frontal plane include ______ and _______ of the limbs, ________ of the spine, and _______ and ______ at the foot and ankle complex

A
  • abduction and adduction
  • lateral flexion
  • eversion and inversion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ________ bisects the body to create upper and lower halves

A

transverse plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Movements in the transverse plane include (4)

A
  • internal and external rotation for the limbs
  • right and left rotation for the head and trunk
  • horizontal abduction and adduction of the limbs,
  • radioulnar pronation and supination.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Motions of the scapulae include (4)

A
  • retraction
  • protraction
  • depression
  • elevation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muscle actions are described as

A
  • isotonic
  • isometric
  • isokinetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isotonic muscle actions can be broken down into the ____ and _____

A

concentric and eccentric phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscles can play the role of _____, _______, ______, or _______ depending on the movement being performed

A
  • agonist
  • synergist
  • stabilizer
  • antagonist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

________ movements anchor the body to the ground or immovable object, whereas
_________ movement involves the distal limb moving freely in space

A
  • Closed-chain
  • Open-chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The stretch-shortening cycle involves three phases

A
  • eccentric phase,
  • amorization phase
  • concentric phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The term _______ is used to describe muscles that work in a synergistic function
around a joint

A

force-couple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The ________ involves muscles that generally attach on or near the spine and provide stability for the LPHC

A

local muscular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ________ can be broken down into subsystems, which include the deep
longitudinal, posterior oblique, anterior oblique, and lateral subsystems

A

global muscle system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ________ describe the integrated function of muscle groups to transfer force for complex multijoint movements and stabilization of the HMS

A

subsystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The amount of force produced by the HMS relies on not only

A

muscle recruitment but also the lever type of the joint that is moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lever systems are classified as _____, ______ and ______ class

A

first, second, and third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

_________ describe the cooperative function of multiple muscles recruited by the
nervous system to complete a given movement pattern

A

Muscle synergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_________ is the intrinsic awareness of movement and bodily posi􀆟on in space

A

Proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

__________ is the integration of motor control processes, with practice and
experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled
movements.

A

Motor learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Medial
closer to the midline of the body
26
Lateral
farther away from the midline or toward the outside of the body
27
Contralateral
the opposite side of the body
28
Ipsilateral
the same side of the body
29
Anterior
on or toward the front of the body
30
Posterior
on or toward the back of the body
31
Proximal
nearest to the center of the body or other identified reference point
32
Distal
farthest from the center of the body or other identfied reference point
33
Inferior
below an identified reference point
34
Superior
above an identified reference point
35
Dorsiflexion
Flexion occurring at the ankle
36
Plantar flexion
Extension occurring at the ankle
37
Isotonic
Force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion
38
Isometric
Muscle tension is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint
39
Isokinetic
speed of movement is fixed, and resistance varies with the force exerted
40
Agonists
primary muscles providing force for a movement ex. glute maximus is the agonist for hip extension
41
Synergists
muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement ex. hamstring and spinae with glute maximus during hip extension
42
Stabilizers
Muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk and joints as the body moves
43
Antagonists
Muscles on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles
44
The primary characteristic of closed-chain movements is that
the distal segments, such as a person’s hands or feet, are fixed and remain in contact with a stationary surface
45
Ex. of closed-chain exercises
- Push-ups - Pull-ups - Squats - Lunges
46
The primary characteristic of open-chain movements is that
the distal segments (hands and feet) are not fixed, and they are free to move in space
47
Ex. open-chain exercises
- Biceps curls - Lat pulldowns - Bench presses - Leg curls - Leg extensions
48
muscle action spectrum
the full range of eccentric, isometric, and concentric muscle contractions required to perform a movement
49
Lengthtension relationship
The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length
50
Altered lengthtension relationship
When a muscle’s resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce
51
Reciprocal inhibition
When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen
52
Altered reciprocal inhibition
Occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist
53
Muscle imbalance
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships
54
Integrated performance paradigm
To move with efficiency, forces must be dampened (eccentrically), stabilized (isometrically), and then accelerated (concentrically)
55
Force-couple relationship
The synergistic ac􀆟on of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint
56
First-class levers
have the fulcrum in the middle, like a seesaw
57
Second-class levers
have a resistance in the middle with the fulcrum and effort on either side
58
Third-class levers
have the effort placed between the resistance and the fulcrum
59
Motor behavior
Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli
60
Motor control
How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response
61
Motor learning
Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled motor behavior
62
Motor development
Change in skilled motor behavior over 􀆟me throughout the life span
63
Internal feedback
Process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment
64
External feedback
Information provided by some external source

NASM (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions