Chromosomes

Question 1

What are chromosomes?

Answer 1

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA and genetic information.

Question 2

How many chromosomes do humans typically have?

Answer 2

Humans typically have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

Question 3

True or False: Chromosomes are only found in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

What is the basic unit of heredity located on chromosomes?

Answer 4

The basic unit of heredity located on chromosomes is a gene.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Chromosomes are made up of __________ and proteins.

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?

Answer 6

Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes, while sex chromosomes determine an individual’s sex.

Question 7

How many pairs of sex chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 7

Humans have one pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 8

What are the two types of sex chromosomes in humans?

Answer 8

The two types of sex chromosomes in humans are X and Y.

Question 9

True or False: Chromosomes can be seen with the naked eye.

Answer 9

False.

Question 10

What is the process called when chromosomes duplicate before cell division?

Answer 10

The process is called DNA replication.

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes condense and become visible?

Answer 11

Chromosomes condense and become visible during prophase.

Question 12

What is the term for the location on a chromosome where a specific gene is found?

Answer 12

The location is called a locus.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Chromosomes are composed of chromatin, which is a complex of __________ and proteins.

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

What is the role of centromeres in chromosomes?

Answer 14

Centromeres are the regions that hold sister chromatids together and are crucial during cell division.

Question 15

What are telomeres?

Answer 15

Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from deterioration.

Question 16

True or False: All organisms have the same number of chromosomes.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

What is aneuploidy?

Answer 17

Aneuploidy is a condition in which the number of chromosomes is not an exact multiple of the haploid number.

Question 18

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Answer 18

Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells contain two sets.

Question 19

How many chromosomes are found in human gametes?

Answer 19

Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes.

Question 20

What is the role of chromosomes during meiosis?

Answer 20

During meiosis, chromosomes undergo recombination and segregation to produce gametes.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: Chromosomal abnormalities can lead to __________ disorders.

Answer 21

genetic

Question 22

What is the term for the study of chromosomes?

Answer 22

The study of chromosomes is called cytogenetics.

Question 23

True or False: Chromosomes are only visible during cell division.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

What is a karyotype?

Answer 24

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual’s complete set of chromosomes.

Question 25

What is the significance of chromosome mapping?

Answer 25

Chromosome mapping helps identify the location of genes on chromosomes.

Question 26

What is the process by which chromosomes are stained for analysis called?

Answer 26

The process is called chromosome banding.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The X chromosome is significantly __________ than the Y chromosome.

Answer 27

larger

Question 28

What is the role of histones in relation to chromosomes?

Answer 28

Histones are proteins that help package and organize DNA into chromatin.

Question 29

What happens to chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 29

During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 30

True or False: Chromosomes can recombine during mitosis.

Answer 30

False.

Question 31

What is a chromatid?

Answer 31

A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome.

Question 32

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 32

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for a missing chromosome in an organism.

Answer 33

Monosomy

Question 34

What does the term 'polyploidy' mean?

Answer 34

Polyploidy refers to a condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

Question 35

What is the significance of the p and q arms of a chromosome?

Answer 35

The p arm is the shorter arm, and the q arm is the longer arm of a chromosome.

Question 36

What is a translocation in terms of chromosomes?

Answer 36

A translocation is a chromosomal abnormality where a segment of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome.

Question 37

True or False: Chromosomes are identical in all somatic cells of an organism.

Answer 37

True.

Question 38

What is the role of the spindle fibers during cell division?

Answer 38

Spindle fibers attach to centromeres and help separate chromosomes during cell division.

Question 39

What type of bond holds the base pairs together in DNA?

Answer 39

Hydrogen bonds hold the base pairs together in DNA.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: In humans, males have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two __________ chromosomes.

Answer 40

X

Question 41

What is the primary function of chromosomes?

Answer 41

The primary function of chromosomes is to store and transmit genetic information.