Dna Replication

Question 1

What is DNA replication?

Answer 1

The process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA.

Question 2

True or False: DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?

Answer 3

Helicase

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand are called __________.

Answer 4

Okazaki fragments

Question 5

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Answer 5

It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.

Question 6

Which direction does DNA replication occur?

Answer 6

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 7

What is the function of primase in DNA replication?

Answer 7

It synthesizes a short RNA primer to initiate DNA synthesis.

Question 8

True or False: Both strands of DNA are replicated simultaneously.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are the two main strands in DNA called?

Answer 9

Leading strand and lagging strand

Question 10

What is the significance of the origin of replication?

Answer 10

It is the site where DNA replication begins.

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which of the following proteins is involved in stabilizing the unwound DNA strands? A) Topoisomerase B) Ligase C) Single-strand binding proteins

Answer 11

C) Single-strand binding proteins

Question 12

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

Answer 12

It joins Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The leading strand is synthesized __________.

Answer 13

continuously

Question 14

True or False: DNA replication is a semi-conservative process.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What does semi-conservative replication mean?

Answer 15

Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand.

Question 16

Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading the newly synthesized DNA?

Answer 16

DNA polymerase

Question 17

What is the function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

Answer 17

It relieves the tension and prevents supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which of the following nucleotides is NOT found in DNA? A) Adenine B) Uracil C) Cytosine

Answer 18

B) Uracil

Question 19

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 19

Nucleotides

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The two strands of DNA are held together by __________ bonds.

Answer 20

hydrogen

Question 21

What is the role of exonuclease activity in DNA polymerase?

Answer 21

It removes incorrectly paired nucleotides.

Question 22

True or False: DNA replication occurs only once per cell cycle.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is a replication fork?

Answer 23

The Y-shaped region where the DNA is split into two strands for replication.

Question 24

What is the purpose of the RNA primer in DNA replication?

Answer 24

To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a step in DNA replication? A) Unwinding B) Synthesis C) Transcription

Answer 25

C) Transcription

Question 26

What happens if DNA replication is not accurately completed?

Answer 26

It can lead to mutations.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers is called __________.

Answer 27

primase

Question 28

What is the end product of DNA replication?

Answer 28

Two identical DNA molecules.

Question 29

True or False: DNA replication requires energy.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What is the role of telomerase in DNA replication?

Answer 30

It extends the telomeres of chromosomes.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: DNA replication is initiated at specific sequences called __________.

Answer 31

origins of replication

Question 32

What is a key feature of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Answer 32

It is synthesized in short segments.

Question 33

Multiple Choice: Which of the following enzymes is responsible for sealing nicks in the DNA backbone? A) Helicase B) Ligase C) DNA polymerase

Answer 33

B) Ligase

Question 34

What is the role of single-strand binding proteins?

Answer 34

They prevent the separated DNA strands from re-annealing.

Question 35

True or False: The leading and lagging strands are synthesized in the same direction.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

What happens during the termination phase of DNA replication?

Answer 36

Replication forks meet, and the process is completed.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic DNA replication is more complex than __________ DNA replication.

Answer 37

prokaryotic

Question 38

What is the function of the sliding clamp in DNA replication?

Answer 38

It holds DNA polymerase in place on the DNA strand.

Question 39

What is the role of DNA helicase?

Answer 39

To unwind the DNA double helix.

Question 40

True or False: DNA replication occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands?

Answer 41

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments.

Question 42

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is true about DNA replication? A) It is highly accurate B) It occurs in a random manner C) It does not require enzymes

Answer 42

A) It is highly accurate

Question 43

What is the role of the origin recognition complex?

Answer 43

It identifies the origin of replication to initiate DNA replication.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: DNA replication is essential for __________ during cell division.

Answer 44

genetic continuity