Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

The cell.

Question 2

True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Answer 2

False.

Question 3

What organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Mitochondria.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.

Answer 4

nucleus.

Question 5

What structure protects the cell and maintains its shape?

Answer 5

Cell membrane.

Question 6

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells? A) Ribosomes B) Nucleus C) DNA

Answer 6

B) Nucleus.

Question 7

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 7

To synthesize proteins.

Question 8

True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 9

Rough ER and Smooth ER.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The __________ modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

Answer 10

Golgi apparatus.

Question 11

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 11

To break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 12

Multiple choice: Which of the following structures is involved in the synthesis of lipids? A) Ribosomes B) Smooth ER C) Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

B) Smooth ER.

Question 13

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 13

To provide structural support and facilitate cell movement.

Question 14

True or False: DNA is found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 14

False.

Question 15

What is transcription?

Answer 15

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: During translation, mRNA is decoded to produce __________.

Answer 16

proteins.

Question 17

Multiple choice: Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA

Answer 17

B) tRNA.

Question 18

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 18

To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 19

True or False: Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosome.

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 20

Amino acids.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The __________ sequence in mRNA determines the order of amino acids in a protein.

Answer 21

codon.

Question 22

What is the role of the nucleus in protein synthesis?

Answer 22

To house the DNA that contains the instructions for protein synthesis.

Question 23

Multiple choice: What type of RNA makes up the ribosome? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA

Answer 23

C) rRNA.

Question 24

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 24

To produce ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assemble ribosomes.

Question 25

True or False: All cells have the same structure and function.

Answer 25

False.

Question 26

What organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances?

Answer 26

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The __________ contains enzymes that help digest cellular waste.

Answer 27

lysosome.