Chronic Pulmonary Infection Flashcards
(50 cards)
What are 5 other differential diagnosises for chronic pulmonary infection?
Lung cancer Intrapulmonary abscess Empyema Bronchiectasis Cystic Fibrosis
What are three broad risk factors for developing chronic pulmonary infection?
Abnormal host response
Abnormal innate host defence
Repeated insult
What are two risk factors under the heading abnormal host response, for developing chronic pulmonary infection?
Immunodeficiency - congenital or aquired
Immunosuppresion - drugs/malignancy
What are three risk factors under the heading abnormal innate host defence for chronic pulmonary infection?
- Damaged bronchial mucosa
- Abnormal cillia
- Abnormal secretions
What are two features that come under the risk factor “repeated insult” for chronic pulmonary infection?
Aspiration
Indwelling material
What are 4 immunoglobulin deficiencies which can lead to chronic pulmonary infection?
- IgA deficiency - increased risk of acute infection
- Hypogammaglobulinaemia - increased risk of acute/chronic infection
- CVID - commonest cause of immunodeficiency, recurrent infecitons
- Specific Polysaccharide Antibody Deficiency
What three things can cause immune paresis?
Myeloma, lymphoma, metastatic malignancy
Name two other factors which can cause immunodeficiency, leading to the development of chronic pulmonary infection?
Hypo-splenism
HIV
What can the use of steroids, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy cause?
Immunosuppression leading to the development of chronic pulmnary infections
What are Infliximab, Rituximab and Leflunamide all?
Monoclonal antibodies
What can cause abnormal cillia, causing a defective innate host defence, which can lead to the development of chronic pulmonary infections?
Kartenager’s syndrome
Youngs syndrome
What two conditions can cause abnormal secretions, leading to defective innate host defence, which can cause development of chronic pulmonary infections?
Cystic Fibrosis
Channelopathies
What 3 factors can cause recurrent aspiration, leading to repeated insult and chronic pulmonary infection?
NG feeding
Poor swallow
Pharyngeal pouch
What three things can be indwelling material, leading to repeated insult and eventually chronic pulmonary infection?
NG tube in wrong place
Chest drain
Inhaled foreign body
Name 5 forms of chronic infection?
Intrapulmonary abscess Empyema Chronic bronchial sepsis Bronchiectasis CF
What condition is described: indolent presentation, weight loss, lethargy, tiredness, weakness, cough +/- sputum, high mortality if not treated and usually preceding illness of sort (pneumonic infection, post viral or foreign body)?
Intrapulmonary abscess
What are three preceding illness of intrapulmonary abcsess?
Pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Poor host immune response
What conditions does this occur in: Flu -> Staph Pneumonia -> cavitating pneumonia -> abscess?
Pneumonia
Name 4 bacterial pathogens that cause intrapulmonary abscesses?
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
E.Coli
Gram negative
Name a fungal pathogen that can cause intrapulmonary abscesses?
Aspergillus
What three things are related to septic emboli?
Right sided endocarditis
Infected DVT
Septicaemia
What does this occur in: inject into groin, DVT, infection, PE + abscesses?
Intravenous drug useres
What is empyema?
Pus in the pleural space
What do these results suggest?
Clear fluid
pH > 7.2
LDH 2.2
Simple parapneumonic effusion
