Pulmonary Function Tests

Question 1

Name 5 effort independent tests?

Answer 1

1. Relaxed vital capacity
2. Helium/N2 washout static lung volume
3. Whole body plethysmography
4. Impulse oscillometry
5. Exhaled breath nitic oxide

Question 2

Name 3 gas diffusion tests

Answer 2

CO transfer factor
Arterial blood gases
SaO2 during exercise

Question 3

Name the term for testing dynamic lung volumes?

Answer 3

Spirometry

Question 4

What curve is present in spirometry?

Answer 4

Volume vs. time curve

Question 5

What is the forced expiratory manoeuvre from in spirometry?

Answer 5

From TLC to RV

Question 6

What is FEV1?

Answer 6

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second

Question 7

What is FVC?

Answer 7

Forced vital capacity

Question 8

What is the forced espiratory ratio?

Answer 8

FER = FEV1/FVC%

Question 9

On the spirometry volume vs. time curve, what are the curve desscriptions of normal, asthma and COPD?

Answer 9

Normal maintains FVC and has the steepest initial slope
Asthma maintains FVC however has a gentler slope than normal
COPD has a lower FVC and has the gentlest slope

Question 10

Expiratory flow rates: what two conditions have a volume dependent expiratory airway closure?

Answer 10

Asthma and chronic bronchitis

Question 11

Expiratory flow rates: what condition has a pressure dependent expiratory airway closure?

Answer 11

Emphysema

Question 12

What is the PEFR like in obstructive and restrictive lung conditions?

Answer 12

Obstructive - decreased

Restrictive - normal

Question 13

What is FEV1 like in obstructive and restrictive conditions?

Answer 13

Obstructive - decreased

Restrictive - decreased

Question 14

What is FVC like in obstructive and restrictive conditions?

Answer 14

Obstructive - (normal in asthma, reduced in COPD)

Restrictive - decreased

Question 15

What is the FEV1/FVC ratio like in obstructive and restrictive conditions?

Answer 15

Obstructive 75%

Question 16

What type of testing is used to diagnose occupational asthma?

Answer 16

Bronchial challenge testing with allergens/chemicals

Question 17

What are 3 types of exercise testing?

Answer 17

1. FEV1 or PEF post exercise
2. SaO2 during exercise
3. Full Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET)

Question 18

What will the results from FEV1 and PEF in exercise testing be in an asthmatic patient?

Answer 18

Decreased FEV1 or decreased post exercise

Question 19

What is monitored in exercise testing for interstitial lung disease?

Answer 19

SaO2

Question 20

What is CPET used to differentiate?

Answer 20

Cardiac vs. respiratory dyspnoea (heart rate vs. oxygen uptake vs. ventilatory rate

Question 21

What can be used to measure functional residual capacity?

Answer 21

Helium dilution/N2 washout

Question 22

What is the equation for RV?

Answer 22

FRC - ERV

Question 23

What is the equation for TLC?

Answer 23

VC + RV

Question 24

What is the TLC like in hyperinflation?

Answer 24

Increased TLC (emphysema)

Question 25

What is the TLC like in restrictive lung disease?

Answer 25

Decreased TLC (restrictive lung disease)

Question 26

What can be used to measure static lung volumes in COPD?

Answer 26

Gas trapping

Question 27

What is a CO diffusion across alveolar-capillary barrier-single breath diffusing capacity test?

Answer 27

Tranfer factor diffusing capacity

Question 28

What is TLCO or DLCO?

Answer 28

Total lung transfer for CO or diffusing capacity

Question 29

What 6 conditions would you see decreased TLCO?

Answer 29

1. Anaemia 2. Emphysema 3. Interstitial lung disease 4. Pulmonary oedema 5. Pulmonary Emboli 6. Bronchiectesis

Question 30

What is used to monitor treatment response in interstitial lung disease?

Answer 30

Transfer factor diffusing capacity

Question 31

What are whole body plethysmography or impulse oscillometry used to measure?

Answer 31

Airway resistance

Question 32

What measures airway resistance during quiet tidal breathing?

Answer 32

Impulse oscillometry

Question 33

What is exhaled breath nitric oxide a non-invasive marker of?

Answer 33

Eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma

Question 34

What is nitric oxide suppressed by in COPD?

Answer 34

Smoking so exhaled breath condensate wont work

Question 35

What reflects uncontrolled asthmatic inflammation in exhaled breath condensate tests?

Answer 35

High levels of exhaled NO >35ppb

Question 36

Name an effort dependent tests

Answer 36

1. Forced Expiratory Volumes/flow rates