Circulation

Question 1

structure of veins

Answer 1

less smooth muscle, have an elastic layer, wrapped in epithelial tissue and have lumens, have valves so blood does not pool, low pressure, high volume

Question 2

structure of arteries

Answer 2

more smooth muscle, have an elastic layer, wrapped in epithelial tissue and have lumens, high pressure, low volume

Question 3

which direction do veins go

Answer 3

towards the heart

Question 4

which direction do arteries go

Answer 4

away from the heart

Question 5

what are the main components affecting resistance to blood flow?

Answer 5

distance traveled, vessel radius

Question 6

capillary

Answer 6

largest component of circulatory system, lowest velocity, very small diameter and far from heart

Question 7

blood pressure vs osmotic pressure

Answer 7

in arterial ends of capillaries net overall force pressuring things out (larger blood pressure), in venus end net pressure to take things in (blood pressure decreased)

Question 8

blood pathway

Answer 8

inferior and superior vena cava –> right atrium –> right AV valve –> right ventricle (to pulmonary circuit) –> pulmonary valve –> right and left pulmonary arteries –> capillaries –> right and left pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> left AV valve –> left ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta –> arteries, arterioles, capillaries

Question 9

inferior and superior vena cava

Answer 9

brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 10

right atrium

Answer 10

pumps deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle, much less muscle than ventricle

Question 11

right ventricle

Answer 11

pumps blood to pulmonary circuit, less muscle than left ventricle

Question 12

right and left pulmonary artery

Answer 12

takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 13

right and left pulmonary veins

Answer 13

brings oxygenated blood to to the left atrium

Question 14

left atrium

Answer 14

pumps oxygenated blood to the left ventricle

Question 15

left ventricle

Answer 15

pumps blood to the systemic circuit, more muscle

Question 16

aortic valve

Answer 16

one way, things can only leave not return, pumps to the aorta

Question 17

aorta

Answer 17

biggest artery, channels blood to the whole body

Question 18

systole

Answer 18

contracting ventricles

Question 19

diastole

Answer 19

contracting atria

Question 20

SA node

Answer 20

pacemaker, spreads action potential through both atria

Question 21

AV node

Answer 21

spreads action potential to the modified muscle fibers (purkinje fibers)

Question 22

modified muscle fibers

Answer 22

spread action potential to both ventricles causing them to contract

Question 23

electrocardiogram (EKG)

Answer 23

first shows when SA node is activated and atria contract, the when AV node is activated, then when ventricles contract, and then the reset