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Biology > Circulatory and Respiratory Systems (8.11) – Part 1 and Part 2 > Flashcards

Circulatory and Respiratory Systems (8.11) – Part 1 and Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Responsible for connecting all the cells of the whole organism. It distributes nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and functions in waste retrieval.

A

Circulatory System

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2
Q

Evolution of the Circulatory system:

It started with a _________ Cavity. (As seen in Cnidarians and Platyhelminthes.)

A

Gastrovascular

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3
Q

Blood bathes the organs by moving through sinuses (spaces).
The system has a tubular heart with directional arteries to distribute blood.
Seen in Arthropods and some Mollusks.

A

Open Circulatory System

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4
Q

Blood is confined to traveling through blood vessels under pressure.
A muscular chambered heart mostly (Not in annelids.)(2,3,4 chambers)
Found in Annelids, some mollusks, vertebrates

A

Closed Circulatory System

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5
Q

These chambers receive blood coming into the heart.

They are composed of a thin layer muscle tissue.

A

Atriums

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6
Q

These chambers pump blood away from the heart.

They are composed of a thick layer of muscle tissue.

A

Ventricles

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7
Q

Mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians have a ______ _____ system.
One loop for getting oxygen; one loop for delivering oxygen.

A

Double loop

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8
Q

_____ vascular system (Echinodermata) (Madreporite, Tube feet, canals are the parts.)

A

Water

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9
Q

These are large blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

A

Arteries

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10
Q

These are medium sized vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

A

Arterioles

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11
Q

These are the smallest blood vessels where nutrients and oxygen diffuse out.

A

Capillaries

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12
Q

These are small blood vessels that collect waste materials from the tissues.

A

Venules

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13
Q

These are large blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

A

Veins

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14
Q

The blood mainly is in the digestive organs.

A

During Digestion of Food

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15
Q

The blood is mostly in the muscles and skin; not the digestive organs.

A

During Exercise

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16
Q

These are red blood cells-RBC’s (“erythro” means “red”; “cyte” means “cell”)

A

Erythrocytes

17
Q

______ uses iron (Fe) to hold oxygen. (“heme” means “iron”)

Each RBC can hold 1 billion oxygen molecules.

A

Hemoglobin

18
Q

These are white blood cells – WBC’s (“leuko” means “white”)

They protect our bodies against invading organisms or materials.

A

Leukocytes

19
Q

These are pieces of RBC’s used for making clots.

A

Platelets

20
Q

These are for gas exchange with the environment.

A

Respiratory Systems

21
Q

(Oxygen in and Carbon dioxide out.)

Oxygen is need for cellular respiration; Carbon dioxide is the waste product of cellular respiration.

A

Gas Exchange

22
Q

This term refers to where the oxygen molecules are located. It is either water or air.

A

Respiratory Medium

23
Q

This term refers to where the gas exchange occurs.

A

Respiratory Surface

24
Q

Diffusion must occur across a ______ surface. Gases do not diffuse across dry surfaces.

A

wet

25
Q

A large surface area is needed to get large amounts of gas exchange to occur. ______ in the surface increases surface area within a small space.

A

Folds

26
Q

Gills, Lungs, Tracheal tubes, Skin, membranes are all ________ surfaces.

A

respiratory

27
Q

Works with the circulatory system ( That is why they are always located together.)

A

Respiratory system

28
Q

Mammalian Respiratory system is located in the ________ Cavity (Chest)

A

Thoracic

29
Q

These cavities warm, moisten, and clean the air using mucous and hairs.

A

Nostrils and Naval Cavity

30
Q

This is the back of mouth

A

Pharynx

31
Q

This is the top of trachea

A

Larynx

32
Q

This muscular flap covers the trachea by bending over the opening.

A

Epiglottis

33
Q

These vibrate to make sounds. (You can only talk while

exhaling because the moving air is causing the vibration by “catching” the wind, much like a parachute catches air.)

A

True and False Vocal Cords

34
Q

A.K.A. windpipe) It is protected by C- shaped cartilage rods on the front side.

A

Trachea

35
Q

(There is one for each lung.) Cartilage keeps them open for air to travel through.

A

Bronchi

36
Q

These carry air into each lobe of each lung.

A

Bronchioles

37
Q

This is an inflammation of the air ways.

A

Bronchitis

38
Q

This condition is having trouble breathing due to airways swelling shut.

A

Asthma

39
Q

means “air sacs” This is the site of gas exchange by diffusion. (If it is a wet surface.) They are only one cell layer thick which allows for rapid diffusion of gases. They are surrounded by capillary beds. (This makes it 2 cell layers thick. It leads to rapid diffusion in and out.) WBCs that keep these areas clean. (Smoking? Kills the WBCs.)

A

Alveoli

Biology (36 decks)

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