Flashcards in Excretory Systems (8.13) Deck (29):
1
This is the continuous control of water and solute concentrations within an organism. (A part of homeostasis)
osmoregulation
2
Regulation occurs across a ________ __________ (membrane).
transport epithelium
3
mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish
Nephridia
4
annelids
Metanephridia
5
Insects
Malpighian tubules
6
Crustaceans
Green glands
7
Platyhelminthes
flame cells
8
Nephridia, Metanephridia, Malpighian tubules, Green glands, and flame cells are all examples of
transport epithelium
9
transport epithelium help in the removal of ___________ ______. (Ammonia is created from using amino acids for Energy production.)
nitrogenous waste
10
This form requires lots of water to dispose. (Fish and other aquatic invertebrates)
Ammonia
11
This form requires moderate amounts of water in disposal – Good for dry land. (Evolution of Mammals & Amphibians.) This form combines ammonia and carbon dioxide together. (Two waste products as one.)
Urea
12
This form requires very little water. – Good for desert climates. (Evolution of Birds and reptiles.) Ammonia and carbon dioxide in a paste like state. (Car paints? It is an acid… so it destroys them.)
Uric Acid
13
Adaptations for Water Conservation (5)
Keratinized skin (Seen in reptiles, birds, and mammals.)(Related to the formation of PANGEA.)
Exoskeleton (Seen by insects – These were the first animals on land.)
Being nocturnal. (Animals move around at night to avoid possible dehydration by the sun.)(Desert animals.)
Storage cells or vacuoles to store extra water. (Desert animals- camels: plants – central vacuole.)
Waxy Cuticle –Seen on plant leaf surfaces.
14
(This is achieved by the “liquid” portion of blood being separated from the blood cells and platelets.)
The liquid portion now becomes “filtrate” upon leaving the blood vessel.
The collected filtrate is then filtered, to remove nitrogenous waste and other excess molecules.
Filtrate
15
(This is the reabsorbing of “good materials” from the filtrate – leaving “bad” behind.)
Reabsorption collects all or most of the “good materials” and puts them back in the blood.
This leaves behind the “bad materials” to be collected and disposed of in the form of Urine.
Tubular reabsorption
16
Osmoregulation in Mammals – This occurs in the _______. (Your kidneys are a collection of 1 million nephrons per kidney.)
Kidneys
17
This blood vessel brings “polluted” blood into the kidneys.
Renal artery
18
This blood vessel takes “purified” blood away from the kidneys.
Renal Vein
19
This is the outer part of the kidney where the nephrons are located. (Site of urine production.)
Renal Cortex
20
This is the middle part of the kidney. (Site of urine collection from the nephrons.)
Renal Medula
21
These are the structures where blood is actually “purified”.
Nephrons
22
These are where urine is collected from the nephrons.
Tubules converge to create the Renal Pyramids (These are triangular shaped structures in the medulla.) All tubules lead to the Renal Pelvis.
Collection Tubules
23
This is the main collection area (in the center of the kidney) for the collection tubes.
Renal Pelvis
24
These are the extensions (inlets) off the central pelvis that connect to the pyramids.
Calyxs
25
These two tubes take the urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage until release.
Ureter
26
This is the expandable urine storage organ. (It is composed of transitional epithelium.)
Bladder
27
This is the tube leading from the bladder to outside of body. (It is the urinating tube.) (Urine should be yellowish to clear... it depends on the amount of water to be released.)
Urethra
28
There is too much sugar in the blood; the body is trying to get rid of it in the urine.
Diabetes (means “Sweet Urine”)
29