Circulatory System Flashcards
(23 cards)
Circulatory system
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What is the pathway of blood
through this system?
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Where is blood oxygenated?
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Where is blood deoxygenated?
What types of circ systems are there?
How many types of closed circulatory system are there?
What does double circulation mean?
Open and closed
Open is for less advanced animals
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Single circulation system (blood not going to heart- crustaceans
Double circulation system- always traveling with the system
Pulmonary circulation (btw lungs and heart
Systemic circulation (
How many chambers does the human heart consist of?
What is the size of your heart?
Why do you see two colors on diagrams of the heart?
How many valves are in the heart?
What is the function of the valves?
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Fist
Red- oxygenated blood (high concentration o2, low Co2)
Blue-deoxygenated blood (high conc Co2, low 0z)
2 major
2 minor
Ensure the blood only flows in one direction, no backflow
Arteries
Veins
Carry blood away from the heart
carry blood towards the heart
Ø Left side pumps only:
Ø Right side pumps only:
Ø Direction of blood flow through the
heart
Left Side: Only oxygenated blood
Right Side: Only Deoxygenated blood
Direction of blood through the heart Always goes from the ATRIUM to the Ventricles
Two blood circuits in humans:
Pulmonary:
Systemic:
carries blood between the heart and the lungs (short)
carries blood between the heart and rest of the body (long)
Superior vena cava:
Inferior Vena cava
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve-
Pulmonary trunk
Branches off left and right pulmonary artery,
Pulmonary vein
Aorta:
Arteries bring oxygenated blood to which organs?
deoxy blood into rAorta from upper body
Deoxy blood to rAorta from lower body
- RA to RV deoxy
LA to LV oxy
carry de oxy blood to lungs
2 left and 2 right: Brings oxygenated blood back to left A
Takes oxy blood to the body via arteries
Ribs, stomach, spleen, hepathic etc, kidneys- renal, splits to go into the legs
Capillary bed
Left ventricle is much thicker than the right, why?
Small blood vessels where gas exchange will happen in Lungs
LV has to pump the blood to the aorta. Big push towards to systemic system. Squeezes hard.
Blood
What is it made of?
How much blood in the body?
Consists of?
Types of cells in the blood (3)
Blood?
1. Type of connective tissue
- 4-6 L in human body
- Consists of cells and liquid called plasma
- Types of cells in blood:
red blood cells (erythrocytes)- transport of oxygen and nutrients. Most abundant
white blood cells (leukocytes)- immunity
Platelets- for blood clotting- Least abundant
What is done with blood in the lab?
Do all white blood cells look the same?
Why different types of white blood cells
Centrifugation- fast spinning
Heavy elements will go to the bottom
Lighter plasma will stay at the top
White blood cells are big, a funny shaped nucleus, horseshoe they all look different
They are fighting different things
Plasma is the ______ _______ of blood. The _________ _______ matrix
acellular portion
extra cellular
What is a blood smear
Droplet of blood is smeared along a slide. Through a microscope you can count the blood cells.
Red blood cells shape are
How does their shape help them?
What does hemoglobin have in its amino acid chains ?
How does this help the function?
BI concaved discs with a thin membrane
They can squeeze through capillaries
Can carry the optimum amount of oxygen
A haem group- contains IRON. Iron is important for body
The oxygen attaches to the haem group
What is anemia?
Abnormally low amount of hemoglobin or low # of red blood cells
White blood cells come in different shape and sizes, what are their functions?
Name 3 types of white blood cells
fight infections (immune response
Neutrophils involved in bacterial reactions
Eosinophils - fight parasites
Monocytes known as macrophages have a tendency to leave the blood and travel to areas of the body where phagocytosis is required aka cellular eating. e.g. brain injury
Platelets are responsible for
what do they produce
blood clotting
the clot is formed from fibrin fibers, a protein
When do platelets clot blood?
What do they release?
What do they form?
How is the seal reinforced?
What is thrombin?
What is fibrin?
when endothelium is broken and collagen is exposed, and attach to collagen fibers
the platelets release a chemical that make other platelets sticky
A plug of emergency protection.
by a clot of fibrin
Clotting factors ( platelets, damaged cells and plasma) mix and convert plasma protein (prothrombin) to its active form of (thrombin.
an enzyme that catalyzes the fibrinogen into fibrin.
The clot- The threads of fibrin become interwoven into the patch.
Cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis-
What usually forms?
often caused by growths called
plaques that develop on the inner walls of arteries
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As a result a blood clot is more likely to become
trapped in a vessel that has been narrowed by plaques (cholesterol)
Heart attack vs stroke
Heart attack is a
A stroke is
Blockage of coronary artery
(Coronary arteries provide o2 and nutrients to the heart)
Stroke is the death of nervous tissue in the brain,
usually resulting from rupture (brain bleed) or blockage of arteries in the head
Causes of stroke
What are symptoms FAST
smoking
lack of exercise
Poor Diet
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
Genetic Predisposition
Face Droop
Arm hangs down
Slurred Speech
Time to call 911
Varicose Veins are
What cause them?
Why bulging occurs in veins rather than arteries
Twisted veins
Mechanical stress
Aging
Genetic predisposition
The thickness of the wall with smooth muscle and elastic fibers in the muscles. they are flexible and stretchy
Veins are not:
very big lumen, thin wall of vein. Less smooth muscle and elastic fiber. Not flexible or stretch
Veins have valves to prevent backflow. The walls and valves lose their elasticity
