Plants Reproduction Flashcards
(11 cards)
Applying to all plants, What is alternation of generations
there are 2 generations that take turns in producing one another.
What is the min function of the fruit?
How are the fruits dispersing the seeds?
Seed dispersal
(also protection)
water,
wind ,
animals
Double Fertilization
Ø
After landing on a receptive
stigma, a pollen grain (male gametophyte) produces
Double fertilization
results from the discharge of two sperm
into the
One sperm cell fertilizes the egg and
The other sperm cell combines with the
a pollen tube (mature gametophyte) that extends between the cells of the style toward the
ovary
Ø
embryo sac
(female gametophyte)
Ø
diploid zygote is produced as a result.
2 polar nuclei, giving rise to the triploid (3
n) food-storing endosperm
Flowering plants
What is the female gametophyte?
What is the male gametophyte?
embryo sac
pollengrain
Can plants reproduces without seeds?
is it efficient
YES
no as external force e.g. human is required to plant it
also less offspring produces e.g. 1 bulb= 1 tulip
The concept of ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
Sexual reproduction has a portion of the cycle in which all the cells of the organism have a specific number of
alternating with a portion of the cycle in which all cells of the organism have
The sporophyte portion of the cy:le ends with
The spores are produced in a structure known as
The gametophyte portion of the cycle terminates with
The gametes are produced in a structure known as
There are two types of gametangia_ In
mosses and ferns, the egg producing gametangia are as archegonia (singular, archegonium), while the sperm producing ones are known as antheridia (singular, antheridium)_
chromosomes (normally one member of each
homologous pair or a haploid number)
twice the haploid number of chromosomes
(normally both members of each homologous pair or a diploid number) _
the production of spores by meiosis.
sporangium (plural, sporangia).
the production of gametes by mitosis.
gametangium (plural, gametangia)_
Moss are unique among land plants because of the
What generation is dominant in ferns?
dominant gametophyte generation
The sporophyte depends on the gametophyte for
nutrients and support. Its only function is to produce spores, which germinate into a garnetophyte
generati on.
The sporophyte generation is the dominant and obvious generation in ferns. The
gametophyte generation is a small vulnerable, transitory phase (it is heart shaped)
In Angiosperms and Gymnosperms, what is the dominant generation?
What are the female gametophyte
male?
There are two stages of the male gametophyte (pollen grain):
Immature consists of
Immature pollen grains are released
from
After pollination, the tube nucleus of the pollen grain produces,
The generative nucleus of
the pollen grain divides by __________and produces two ______________________. The pollen tube fuses
with the embryo sac membrane and releases the two _______________________
sporophyte is a dominant generation.
(or embryo sac) is released from the parent sporophyte
the pollen grain, is only released from the sporophyte during pollination.
immature and mature
two nuclei: generative and tube.
the anthers and are transferred, via various media, to the stigma of a flower _ This process is
known as pollination
a tube, (mature)which grows down the style and into the ovary to the ovule
mitosis
sperm nuclei (cells)
sperm nuclei into the sac.
The female gametophyte is know-n as_____________and is located in the____________.
The ovule is located inside the _________
_
Two important components of the embry-*
sac, which are involved in double fertilization are: __________ and the _____________________-
One sperm nucleus fuses with the egg to form a _______. The other sperm nucleus fuses
with the two polar nuclei to form a ______________________________ This process is termed double
fertilization.
The triploid endosperm _________ and __________ the zygote (and then the embryo).
The zygote divides by ________and grows into an _______. The ovule tums into a _____________ the while
the ovary of the flower becomes a ___________.
the embryo sac
ovule.
ovary
the egg and two polar nuclei
zygote
triploid (3n) endosperm.
divides and nourishes
mitosis
embryo
seed , fruit
Seeds
A section through a nearly mature seed will reveal an ___________with two large ____________.
and a ____________
Most or all of the ____________has been absorbed by the cotyledons.
The basal portion of the embryo is termed the ________, the middle portion is termed the ____________, while
the part attached to the cotyledons is termed the __________
The epicotyl will eventually (after the seed is planted) develop into the ____________________________________-
The radicle will develop into the
while the hypocotyl will develop into the
embryo
cotyledons
seed coat.
endosperm
radicle
hypocotyl
epicotyl
above ground structures of the plant (stem, leaves, and flowers)
true root system
transition zone between the root and stem.
Fruit
Fruits begin to develop after ______________
and usually develop from _____________
which is found at the bottom of __________
The cells of the ovary wall ______
and the whole ovary ___________to make room for the __________________________.
pollination
the ovary,
the flower.
expand
enlarges
developing seeds.
