Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is budding?
What is this common with?
one ‘parent’ organism gives off a ‘bud’ is a young new organism budding off a parental organism.
aquatic organisms and invertebrates
What is fission
Who does this happen to?
asexual reproduction- the separation of a parent into two or more individuals of approx. the same size. Like a cleavage furrow
Invertebrates Aquatic sea anemone
What is fragmentation??
Common in?
asexual reproduction.
The breaking of the organism’s body in several pieces.
Some or all pieces develop into complete adults
Plants
In sexual reproduction
What gametes are produced by
meiosis
-
Ø
Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents
Ø
Egg
(female)
-
Sperm
(male)
FemaleMale
How many types of fertilization?
2
External: eggs shed by female are fertilized my sperm outside the body of the female
and internal: sperm and egg are deposited in, or near, the female fertilization tract.
eg. humans and most animals
Female Reproductive System:
Pathway of the egg when not fertilized
- Eggs produced in ovary
- Eggs into the oviduct
- Eggs into the uterus
- Eggs into vagina
- Eggs into vaginal opening
what is the cervix
What is the lining of the uterus called
What is the fallopian tube
What are fimbriae
neck of the uterus
Endometrium
oviduct
Finger like structures: job is to catch the egg and direct it into the rest of the oviduct
Steps of fertilization internal
Where does fertilization occur?
- Ovulation releases secondary oocyte, which enters oviduct.
o - Mature egg (ovum) is fertilized by a sperm, forming a zygote.
O - Cleavage (cell division) of embryo starts.
o
O - The embryo develops into a blastocyst.
- The blastocyst
implants in the
endometrium.
Fallopian tube
Endometriosis
is one of the most common gynecological
conditions
Occurs when * lining the inside
of the * grows outside the uterus.
Often on * in the * areas
Ø
Health care providers may call areas of endometriosis ,, or *
Ø
This condition is very painful for sufferers
Øtissue (endometrium)
Øuterus
organs
pelvic and abdominal
“implants”, “lesions” or “nodules
Where can nodules in endometriosis grow?
What causes it?
Does it affect fertility or ability to give birth?
on or under ovaries
behind the uterus
on tissues that hold uterus in place
on bowels or bladder
often inherited
or genetic mutations
high estrogen
Yes but it is treatable
Symptoms of endometriosis
Can it be tested for?
Ø Painful periods –severe cramping
Ø Painful intercourse
Ø Fatigue / exhaustion / low energy
Ø Other abdominal pain –lower back pain
Ø Heavy / irregular bleeding
Ø Ultrasound
Ø Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Ø Laparoscopy
–A laparoscopy is a form of non invasive surgery that allows
viewing of the nodules or obtaining tissue for
biopsy
Steps of a laparoscopy
1) Abdomen inflated slightly with a harmless gas
2) Small cut is made in the
abdomen so a laparoscope
(viewing instrument) can be used
3) A surgeon can make a diagnosis based on the characteristic appearance of endometriosis
4)Diagnoses can be confirmed with a biopsy
–taking a small tissue
sample and examining it
The paired testes produce
Where are they?
Sperm are produced by
Sperm are collected into
Ø sperm
Ø hang below the body housed in the scrotum
( which maintains testes at
lowered temperature(production of sperm
cannot occur at body temperature)
Ø meiosis in the seminiferous tubules
Ø the epididymis that leads to the vas deferens
Male Pathway of Sperm
- Sperm is produced in testes
- ‘c’ shaped epididymis, sperm cells travel into the vas deferens
- into the sperm duct
- into the urethra
Male accessory glands mix with sperms to create * The secretions * the * and * the * of the vagina. These three glands are the *, the *, and the * glands
seminal fluid.
nourish, sperm
neutralize, acidity
seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral
How many accessory glands in testes
3 types, 5 in reality
Ø Seminal vesicles -
Ø Prostate gland
Ø Bulbourethral gland-
These produce the fluid
portion of semen
What is the function of the ‘c’ shaped epididymis in the testes?
- Temporary storage of sperm cells
- Final maturation of the sperm cells
What is a seminal vesicle?
Prostate gland:
Bulbourethral glands
secretes a fructose-rich fluid
Ø
Nourishment for sperm cells
secretes an alkaline fluid rich in
prostaglandins
Ø neutralize acidic environment of the vagina
: produce mucus
Prostate Cancer
Affects 1 in 6 men in North America
Symptoms of Prostate cancer
Ø Need to urinate frequently, especially at night
Ø Difficulty starting urination, or holding back urine
Ø Painful urination
Ø Difficult in having an erection
Ø Painful ejaculation
Ø Blood in semen and urine
Ø Pain in lower back, hips and upper thighs
Risk factors for prostate cancer
Ø Age – found mainly in men over age 55
Average age of diagnosis is 70
Ø
Family history
–risk is higher if father or
brother is diagnosed before the age of 60
It is among one of the cancers that is easiest to treat
