Circulatory System III: Heart

Question 1

Heart Location

Answer 1

Left hand side of body in thoracic cavity

Located behind sternum and left ribs

Question 2

Heart Orientation

Answer 2

Apex - (Bottom Left)

BAse (On top where majority of vessels come out)

Question 3

Four Chambers of Heart

Answer 3

2 Atrium

2 Ventricles

Question 4

Heart enclosed in

Answer 4

Pericardium

Question 5

Pericardium Components

Answer 5

Fibrous Pericardium

Serous Pericardium

Question 6

Fibrous Pericardium

Answer 6

Outmost layer

Dense CT

Question 7

Fibrous Pericardium Function

Answer 7

Prevent heart frfom overfilling, restricts heart movement

Question 8

Serous Pericardium Components

Answer 8

Parietal Layer

Visceral Layer

Question 9

Parietal Layer

Answer 9

Adhers to fibrous pericardium

Question 10

Visceral Layer

Answer 10

Adheres to heart wall

Question 11

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 11

Between the Parital and Visceral Layer, has small amount of fluid so as heart beats, no friction occurs

Question 12

Heart Layers

Answer 12

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Question 13

Endocardium

Answer 13

Specialized simple squamos epithelium for contact with blood
Endothelium convering a CT Layer
Lines inside of the heart and covers its valves

Question 14

Myocardium (Cardiac Muscle)

Answer 14

Thickest Layer

Question 15

Epicardium (Visceral Layer of the Serous Pericardium)

Answer 15

Thin serous membrane and some fat

Question 16

Right Atrium

Answer 16

Receives venous blood from superior and inferior venae cavae

*Blood will flow from right atrium to right ventricle through right tricuspid valve

Question 17

Right Ventricle; Papillary Muscles

Answer 17

Three Papilary Muscles

Question 18

Right Ventricle; Chordae Tendineae

Answer 18

From the papillary muscles to the three flaps of the right AV valve.

Question 19

Chordae Tendineae function

Answer 19

Strands prevent the flaps from being everted into the atrium by the contracting ventricle

Question 20

Right Ventricle; Blood Flow

Answer 20

Blood runs from the right ventricle through the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve into the Pulmonary Trunk
*Will now travel into the pulmonary arteries into the lungs

Question 21

Left Atrium

Answer 21

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via 3 or four pulmonary veins
*Blood will flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle via the Left Bicuspid Valve

Question 22

Left Ventricle

Answer 22

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

Blood is pushed form the from the left ventricle through the Aortic Semilunar Valve

Question 23

Steps of the Heart (1)

Answer 23

Blood LOW in oxygen enters right atrium

Question 24

Steps of the Heart (2)

Answer 24

blood from right atrium goes to right ventricle

Question 25

Steps of the Heart (3)

Answer 25

lood from the right ventricle goes through pulmonary trunk

Question 26

Steps of the Heart (4)

Answer 26

pulmonary trunk branches into pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to lungs

Question 27

Steps of the Heart (5)

Answer 27

exchange of gases occurs in the lungs

Question 28

Steps of the Heart (6)

Answer 28

oxygenated blood travels through pulmonary veins to left atrium

Question 29

Steps of the Heart (7)

Answer 29

blood from left atrium goes to left ventricle

Question 30

Steps of the Heart (8)

Answer 30

blood from left ventricle is pumped through the aorta

Question 31

Steps of the Heart (9)

Answer 31

blood travels through the blood vessels throughout the body, will return to right atrium of the heart, and the cycle repeats!

Question 32

Right and Left Coronary Artery

Answer 32

These vessels come off of the aorta and take nutrients and oxygen to the tissue of the heart

Question 33

Venous Circulation

Answer 33

Most of these veins unite/drain into the Cononary Sinus (Back of the Heart)

Question 34

Conducting System of the Heart

Answer 34

The heart exhibits autorhythmicity which means the heart itself (and not external nerves) are responsible for initiating the heartbeat

Question 35

Heart Conduction System (1)

Answer 35

Sinocartial (SB) Node: Located in upper wall of right atrium - it is responsible for initiating the heartbeat *Nerve impulse travels from SA Node to AV Node

Question 36

Heart Conduction System (2)

Answer 36

Atrioventricular (AV) node: lies in the floor of the right atrium *Transmits nerve impulse to the atrioventricular bundle

Question 37

Heart Conduction System (3)

Answer 37

Atrioventricular bundle: a bundle of conducting muscle fibers that runs through the interventricular septum and splits into:

Question 38

Heart Conduction System (4)

Answer 38

Left and right bundle branches: each bundle branch goes to its respective ventricle *Bundle branches and sends nerve impulse to Purkinje Fibers

Question 39

Heart Conduction System (5)

Answer 39

Purkinje fibers: special conduction muscle cells *Are larger than other cardiac muscle fibers and extend through the walls of the ventricles. This is where contraction of muscle actually occurs.

Question 40

Sympathetic Innervation can ____ the heart beat

Answer 40

Increase

Question 41

Parasympathetic Innervation can ____ the heart beat

Answer 41

Decrease

Question 42

Steps of Heart Conduction System

Answer 42

``` Sinoatrial Node Atrioventricular Node Atrioventricular Bundle Bundle Branches (L&R) Purkinje Fibers ```