Lymphatic System

Question 1

Capillary Level

Answer 1

Fluids pushed OUT of vessels and into the tissues

Question 2

Interstital Fluid

Answer 2

Fluid within tissues

Question 3

Venules job in Lymphatic System

Answer 3

Pick up most, but not ALL of this fluid

Question 4

Lymph

Answer 4

interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic system

Question 5

Lympathatic System consists of…

Answer 5

lymph vessels and lymphatic tissues and organs

Question 6

Functions of Lymphatic System

Answer 6

Return interstitial fluid back to bloodstream

Can initiate an immune response when necessary

Question 7

Lymphatic Capillaries

Answer 7

Smallest of lymph vessels

• Wall composed of endothelium
• The walls have 1-way flaps
• Lacteals

Question 8

Lymphatic Capillaries; Lacteals

Answer 8

Lymphatic capillaries in small intestine

Question 9

Lymphatic Capillaries; Lacteals Function

Answer 9

In addition to carrying interstitial fluid, they also carry dietary lipids (fats and some vitamins)

Question 10

Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 10

Like veins, they have 3 tunics

• *Have valves
• Lymphatic vessels take lymph to and from lymph nodes

Question 11

Lymphatic Trunks

Answer 11

*formed from merging lymphatic vessels

Question 12

Right Lymphatic Duct

Answer 12

receives lymph from:

• Ride side of head, neck and thorax,
• Right upper limb
• • Drains into right subclavian vein

Question 13

Lymphatic Ducts Components

Answer 13

Right Lymphatic Duct

Thoracic Duct

Question 14

Thoracic Duct

Answer 14

Receives lymph from:

• Left side of head, neck, thorax
• left upper limb
• entire abdomen, left and right lower limbs
• • drains into left subclavian vein

Question 15

Lymphedema Clinical

Answer 15

This swelling is caused by blockage of lymphatic vessels. Result in increased interstitial fluid

Question 16

Innate Immunity

Answer 16

The defense mechanisms present at birth

Question 17

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 17

Those defense mechanisms which are developed in response to contact with antigens

Question 18

Antigen Definition

Answer 18

Anything perceived as foreign in body

Question 19

These cells start and produce immune response when exposed to antigens

Answer 19

Lymphocytes
**T-Lymphocytes (T-Cells)
**B-Lymphocytes (B-CellS)
Macrophages

Question 20

T-Lymphocytes (T Cells)

Answer 20

• functions: some of these cells manage/direct an immune response, while others directly attack cells
• Essentially receive cytokine that activate B and Macrophages. Attach and start countdown for how long until they die

Question 21

B-Lymphocytes (B-Cells)

Answer 21

• function: many of these cells secrete antibodies
• • antibodies attach to antigens and immobilize them until another cell destroys antigen
• *Activates killer T-Cells and B-Cells

Question 22

Macrophages

Answer 22

macrophages are monocytes that migrated from bloodstream into other tissues
* Function: phagocytize (eat up) foreign substances

Question 23

Lymphatic Structures

Answer 23

• Consists of connective tissue containing lots of lymphatic cells
• NOT surrounded by a CT capsule

Question 24

Lymphatic Nodule

Answer 24

“clumps” of lymphatic cells within other organs

• example:
  1) MALT

Question 25

MALT

Answer 25

(mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue): collections of lymphatic nodules in GI, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts * The cells here “destroy” bacteria before they breach the intestinal wall also generate “memory” cells

Question 26

Lymphatic Organs

Answer 26

Lymphatic structures surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

Question 27

Lymphatic Organs Components

Answer 27

Lymph Nodes Thymus Spleen

Question 28

Lymph Nodes

Answer 28

* tiny oval organs * hundreds * found in "clusters" * they connect with lymphatic vessels:

Question 29

Lymph Nodes Functions

Answer 29

1) Filter Lymph * macrophages eat up foreign matter 2) Activate immune system if antigens are found in lymph * antigens stimulate T and B cells into action

Question 30

Thymus Location

Answer 30

Behind Sternum

Question 31

Thymus Functions

Answer 31

T-Cells mature and differentiate here * immature T-lymphocytes are sent from bone marrow into the thymus * the thymus secretes hormones to help the T-lymphocytes develop * there, the T-lymphocytes decide what they want to do when they grow up

Question 32

Spleen Description and Location

Answer 32

largest lymphatic organ in body | * located in upper left abdomen, behind and lateral to stomach

Question 33

Two Components of Spleen

Answer 33

Red Pulp | White Pulp

Question 34

Red Pulp

Answer 34

``` Splenic sinusoids (large capillaries) and splenic cords *Contains erythrocytes, platelets and macrophages ```

Question 35

Red Pulp Function

Answer 35

Removal of old erythrocytes (RBCs) and platelets ** macrophages break down the old cells, and takes the reusable parts for recycling (e.g. - “heme” part)

Question 36

White Pulp

Answer 36

Lymphocytes (B+T CellS)

Question 37

White Pulp Function

Answer 37

Carry out an immune response, when antigens are found in blood

Question 38

The thymus largely regresses (breaks down) by adulthood. Why do you think that might be? How do our immune systems still work?

Answer 38

We no longer need these when we are adults so the body will break it down and replace that area with fat.