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civil Flashcards

1
Q

کسی که سطح بتن را صاف می کند

A

concrete finisher

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2
Q

پیمانکار جزء

A

subcontractor

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3
Q

منطقه ساخت و ساز

A

building site

I work on building sites.

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4
Q

کاراموز

A

apprentice /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/
Apprentices are supervised at work and learn on the job.
Most apprentices also attend vocational school and get a qualification

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5
Q

شاگردی کردن

A

to apprentice /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/

He was apprenticed to a local architect.

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6
Q

کارگر باتجربه

an experienced worker whose work is acceptable but not excellent

A

journeyman

Journeymen work unsupervised

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7
Q

رسوب

A

sediment /ˈsedəmənt, ˈsedɪmənt/

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8
Q

موم

a substance produced by bees, used especially for making furniture polish and candles

A

beeswax /ˈbiːzwæks

In one investigation, he even tried to convert pollen [دانه گرده] into beeswax.

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9
Q

چاهی که با دست حفر شده باشد

A

dug well

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10
Q

همسطح ، همتراز

A

flush

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11
Q

توسعه دادن

to make a room, building, road etc bigger or longer

A

to extend

We plan to extend the kitchen by six feet.

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12
Q

جوی کنار خیابان - ناودان

A

gutter

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13
Q

باد/گاز تزریق کردن

to fill something with air or gas so it becomes larger, or to become filled with air or gas

A

inflate /ɪnˈfleɪt/

The balloon was kept fully inflated with hydrogen.

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14
Q

لغزان کننده ، روان کننده

A

lubricant /ˈluːbrɪkənt/

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15
Q

خاکریز کردن سنگچین کردن

A

to embank

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16
Q

رسوب‌گذاری

A

deposition /ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən/
The quick deposition of these sediments resulted in clay compaction and the isolation of porous and permeable sand with impermeable shales.

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17
Q

ناتراوا ، نفوذناپذیر

A

impervious /ɪmˈpɜːviəs $ -ɜːr-/
How does glue bond with impervious substances like glass and metal?
The overlying rocks must be impervious, otherwise the oil simply escapes.

impermeable /ɪmˈpɜːmiəbəl $ -ɜːr-/
No paint is impermeable to water vapor.
The layer of clay acts as an impermeable barrier against some chemicals.
Water can not easily flow in these impermeable rocks.

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18
Q

صورت وضعیت

A

statement

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19
Q

آبرو کنار راه

A

ditch
Ditches were dug to prevent the river from flooding
The drainage system consisted of a few open ditches to facilitate run-off
The ditch ran parallel to the road
I tripped and fell into a muddy ditch

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20
Q

رنگزدایی، رنگبری

A

bleach /bliːtʃ/

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21
Q

لکه کردن/شدن

A 
stain 
Be careful you don’t stain the carpet.
a cowboy hat stained with dust and sweat
 This tablecloth stains very easily.
 Her fingers were stained yellow from years of smoking
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22
Q

نام/غرور/شهرت کسی را لکه دار کردن

to damage the good opinion that people have about someone

A

stain sb’s name/honour/reputation

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23
Q

رنگ زدن

to change the colour of something, especially something made of wood, by using a special liquid

A

stain :
We’ve decided to stain the shelves blue

dye /daɪ/
Priscilla’s hair was dyed jet black.

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24
Q

بیل،

A

spade

He dug a deep hole in the lawn(چمن علفزار) with his spade.

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25
کنترلر، بازرس | an official whose job is to check that something is satisfactory and that rules are being obeyed
inspector /ɪnˈspektə $ -ər/: Construction or building inspectors need several years of experience as a manager, supervisor, or craft worker before becoming inspectors. ticket inspectors a Health and Safety inspector Standards of discipline at the school were strongly criticized in the inspector’s report. The school inspectors were called in. the inspector in charge of producing the report
26
شیشه بُر | someone whose job is to fit glass into window frames
glazier /ˈɡleɪziə $ -ʒər/
27
شاگردی کردن برای جایی
apprentice to /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/: | He was apprenticed to a local architect.
28
شاگرد - کارآموز
apprentice /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/ | Apprentices are supervised at work and learn on the job
29
آموزشگاه حرفه ای A school, especially one on a secondary level, that offers instruction and practical introductory experience in skilled trades such as mechanics, carpentry, plumbing, and construction.
vocational school
30
کارگر روزمزد
Journey man
31
نجاری
Carpentry
32
روکش (چوب)
veneer /vəˈnɪr/ قابل شمارش | Veneers were used only to mask carpentry mistakes.
33
شاگردی، دوره کارآموزی
apprenticeship /əˈprɛntəˌsʃɪp/ He had served his apprenticeship as a plumber. او کارآموزی‌اش را به‌عنوان لوله‌کش گذرانده بود. She was in the second year of her apprenticeship as a carpenter. او در دومین سال کارآموزی‌اش به‌عنوان نجار بود.
34
بنایی، سنگ کاری
masonry /ˈmeɪsənri/ غیرقابل شمارش He acquired a knowledge of carpentry and masonry. او دانش نجاری و بنایی کسب کرد.
35
the bricks or stone from which a building, wall etc has been made
masonry /ˈmeɪsənri/ غیرقابل شمارش She was injured by falling masonry. او به وسیله یک سازه بنایی در حال سقوط آسیب دید.
36
آجرچین
bricklayer
37
to separate an area from a larger area by building a wall of bricks
brick something off : | Some of the rooms had been bricked off.
38
to fill or close a space by building a wall of bricks in it
brick something up/in : | The windows were bricked up.
39
ردیف آجر - رج
course of bricks | They put an extra course of bricks round the pool.
40
آجرچینی کردن
to lay bricks
41
دودکش
chimney | The chimney was made of bricks
42
سیمکشی کردن
do the wiring
43
تخته زیر سری
mudsill | We need timber to make mudsills.
44
تخته بندی، چوب فرش | wood that has been cut into planks, especially when it is used to make a floor, bridge, or fence
planking /ˈplæŋkɪŋ/ noun [uncountable]
45
داربست بندی
scaffolding The ground is too soft for the scaffolding. Scaffolding has been erected around the tower and repair work will start next week. داربست اطراف برج برپا شده است و کار تعمیر هفته آینده شروع خواهد شد.
46
سرکارگر
foreman He spoke as though he were a rich landowner instead of just the foreman of a modest building firm. Her father is a retired mining foreman
47
تهویه
ventilation /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ غیرقابل شمارش
48
تهویه
ventilation /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ غیرقابل شمارش Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation. The windows at the back are blocked up, so there is no through ventilation.
49
هواکش
vent /vɛnt/ قابل شمارش a blocked air vent If you have a gas fire in a room, you should have some kind of outside vent. اگر در اتاقی شومینه دارید، باید نوعی دریچه بیرونی داشته باشید.
50
صندوق مشبک
crate | They stacked the crates in the corner of the yard.
51
تسمه اتصال - آویز
sling
52
قلاب
hook
53
میلگرد عاجدار
rebar
54
الوار تیر چوبی
timber
55
الوار تیر چوبی
timber | Our timber comes in a range of standard sizes, but can also be made to order
56
اهرم دسته، دیلم
lever /ˈlɛvər/ قابل شمارش | Pull this lever to open the gate
57
وزنه تعادل
counterweight | There's a counterweight behind the cab.
58
دکل
mast | The operator sits in a cab near the top of the mast
59
بازوی جرثقیل یا بیل مکانیکی
jib The load is on the other side of the jib. boom The operator extends or retracts (تو بردن و جمع کردن)the boom
60
با جرثقیل کابلی بالا کشیدن
to winch
61
پایه جرثقیل
outrigger /aʊtɹˈɪɡɚ/ | Both cranes use stabilizers or outrigger and counterweights to maintain stability.
62
سیلندر استوانه ای
drum | portable mixers have a small drum which rotates
63
کانال دفع شوت (زباله و رخت)
chute /ʃut/ قابل شمارش | The chute man pours the concrete down the chute, or uses a pump to get the concrete to difficult locations.
64
قیف
funnel /ˈfʌnl/
65
عایق کاری یا عایق بندی
insulation /ˌɪnsjəˈleɪʃən, ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃən $ ˌɪnsə-/ Blankets provided insulation against the cold We specialize in acoustic, thermal and fire protection insulation for walls and floors Cavity wall insulation goes between the inner and outer walls
66
تخته چند لا
plywood /ˈplaɪwʊd/ noun [uncountable] | This method will make the floor covering plywood into one extra-thick unit, able to control that shaking
67
تخته نئوپان
chipboard
68
کابل 3 رشته ای
three-core cable
69
نوار آب بند
insulating tape | Do you have a spare roll of insulating tape in your toolbox?
70
سیم سیار
extension cable | I need 15 meters of extension cable
71
دوشاخه
plug The plug on my iron needs changing. an electric plug socket outlet
72
تخته گچی مخصوص نصب به دیوار | board made of large sheets of thick paper held together with plaster, used to cover walls and ceilings inside a house
plasterboard /ˈplæstərbɔːrd/ غیرقابل شمارش He could hear his father snoring through the thin plasterboard drywall
73
نوار نمدی (برای هوابندی)
felt tape/strip | Felt tape is used for pipes.
74
لوله کشی کاورشده با اسفنج
foam tubing | Foam tubing is used to insulate pipes
75
بست دیواری
wall tie | Wall ties are used to hold the inner and outer walls together
76
عایق بندی حرارتی
thermal insulation | Solid wall insulation is used to provide thermal insulation
77
پشم کانی، پشم معدنی An inorganic fibrous substance that is produced by steam blasting and cooling molten glass or a similar substance and is used as an insulator and a filtering material.
mineral wool rock wool.
78
بتن خشک شده/خیس
solid/liquid concrete | The concrete on the first floor is solid,but on the second one is still liquid
79
رنگ خشک شده/تازه
dried/wet paint
80
مصالح سنگی درشت دانه/ریزدانه
coarse/fine aggregate
81
لوله کشی آب
water pipe installation
82
نقشه کارگاهی
drawing | He coordinates construction drawings and specifications from different subcontractors
83
تاخیر
delay | Bad weather often causes long delays on construction sites
84
خاک انداز، پارو، کج بیل
Shovel
85
چدن
cast iron
86
الحاقیه
extension | They're building an extension to their house
87
اتاق زیرشیروانی
attic /ˈætɪk/ Her photography studio was a converted attic. I've got boxes of old clothes in the attic, which I really should throw out. an attic bedroom at the top of the house
88
نشست کردن
subside /səbˈsaɪd/ | After the heavy rains, part of the road subsided.
89
construct or arrange buildings or gardens according to a plan.
to lay out | "they proceeded to lay out a new town"
90
خوردگی پوسیدگی، زنگ زدگی
corrosion
91
خورده شدن زنگ زدن، پوسیدن
corrode /kəˈroʊd/ Iron objects corrode rapidly in damp conditions. اشیایی آهنی در شرایط (آب‌وهوایی) مرطوب، به سرعت زنگ می‌زنند.
92
بازسازی کردن
rehabilitate The old house was rehabilitated at enormous expense. خانه قدیمی با هزینه گزافی بازسازی شد. This wing of the house must be rehabilitated promptly, as there is a danger it will collapse.* این بخش خانه باید سریعا بازسازی شود، زیرا خطر ریزش آن وجود دارد.
93
بار را تحمل کردن
to bear weight The weight of the bridge is borne by steel beams. وزن پل توسط تیرچه‌های فولادی تحمل می‌شود.
94
تحت‌الارضی زیرزمینی
subterranean /ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən/ | a subterranean cave یک غار زیرزمینی
95
خالجوش
spot weld /spˈɑːt wˈɛld/ قابل شمارش
96
قرنیز
baseboard /ˈbeɪsbɔːrd/ قابل شمارش In architecture, a baseboard is a usually wooden board covering the lowest part of a wall. در معماری، قرنیز معمولا به تخته چوبی باریکی گفته می شود که انتهای دیوار را می پوشاند.
97
پنجره ی روبه بام (مانند پنجره ی پاسیو) پنجره سقفی نورگیر
skylight The skylight will provide good illumination from above. A square of light shone from the skylight. Putting in a skylight made the attic seem big and bright A skylight had been let into the roof.
98
شانه جاده | شانه خاکی
lay-by /lˈeɪbˈaɪ/ قابل شمارش We pulled into a lay-by to look at the map. ما در شانه خاکی توقف کردیم تا به نقشه نگاهی بیندازیم.

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