Class 1 - overview

Question 1

How to position the cadaver/patient?

Answer 1

head/gaze, toes directed forward
ams adjacent to the sides of body w/ palms facing forward
lower limbs close together, parallel feet

Question 2

Define median plane

Answer 2

vertical plane longitudinally through body
Median is only plane running down midline
separates left and right side of body

Question 3

define sagittal plane

Answer 3

vertical plane longitudinally through body, NOT running down midline

Question 4

Define coronal plane

Answer 4

divides the body into anterior and posterior
At a right angle to median plane

Question 5

Define transverse (axial) plane

Answer 5

horizontal planes dividing body into superior and inferior planes.
At a right angle to median and coronal planes

Question 6

Define Superior/cranial

Answer 6

what is above, close to the head

ex: knee is superior to the foot

Question 7

Define inferior/caudal

Answer 7

what is below, closer to the feet

Ex: knee is inferior to the hip

Question 8

Define anterior/ventral

Answer 8

What is in front, closer to the front (toes)

Ex: the nose is anterior to the ears

Question 9

Define posterior/dorsal

Answer 9

What is behind, closer to the back (heel)

ex: the heel is posterior to the toes

Question 10

Define proximal

Answer 10

Closer to the trunk or point or origin

ex: the shoulder is proximal to the elbow

Question 11

Define distal

Answer 11

Further away from the trunk or point of origin

ex: the wrist is distal to the shoulder

Question 12

Define superficial

Answer 12

closer to the surface

ex: skin

Question 13

define Intermediate

Answer 13

between a superficial and deep structure

ex: muscle

Question 14

Define deep

Answer 14

Further from the surface

ex: bone

Question 15

3 functions of the skeleton

Answer 15

1. Muscle attachment sites
2. Joints allowing for body movement
3. Protection of internal structures

Question 16

Axial skeleton

Answer 16

bones of the head (skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum

Question 17

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 17

Bones of the limbs
bones handing off the axis

Question 18

Three classification of joints

Answer 18

fibrous, synovial, cartilaginous

Question 19

Six types of synovial joints

Answer 19

pivot join, ball and socket join, plane joint, hinge joint, saddle joint, condyloid joint

Question 20

Ligaments

Answer 20

connect bone to bone

Question 21

Tendons

Answer 21

connect muscle to bone

Question 22

Muscles

Answer 22

attach to bone (via tendons) in at least 2 places and always cross a joint

Question 23

2 muscle attachment sites

Answer 23

proximal attachments (origins)
distal attachment (insertions)

Question 24

Ligaments role in joint movement

Answer 24

resists movement when stretched (typically)

Question 25

Muscles role in joint movement

Answer 25

create and resist movement when contracting (typically)

Question 26

Define fascia

Answer 26

wrapping, packing and insulating materials of the deep structures of the body

Question 27

Define deep fascia

Answer 27

a dense tissue layer surrounding muscles that sends extensions, separating deeper structures

Question 28

Define veins

Answer 28

sends blood to the heart regardless of oxygenation

Question 29

A tributary

Answer 29

associated with veins stream or river that flows into a main stream

Question 30

Define arteries

Answer 30

send blood away from the heart regardless of oxygenation

Question 31

Branches

Answer 31

associated with veins portion of tree growing off of the main trunk

Question 32

Anastamosis

Answer 32

when two arteries, or veins, connect with each other to provide another pathway of blood to travel

Question 33

Define Lymphatics

Answer 33

outflow system of surplus fluid, debris and infection that does not enter the blood stream

Question 34

Lymph nodes are located

Answer 34

next to, following the pathway of, veins difficult to see in cadaver unless pathological