Skull

Question 1

Most skull bones consist of an outer and inner table of ______ bone with
the ______ (spongy bone) between.

Answer 1

Most skull bones consist of an outer and inner table of compact bone with
the dipolë (spongy bone) between.
ORGANIZATON OF THE SKULL

Question 2

The skull is divided into the _________, which houses the brain, and the _________, which forms the skeleton of the face.

Answer 2

The skull is divided into the neurocranium, which houses the brain, and the viscerocranium, which forms the skeleton of the face.

Question 3

Viscerocranium: Bones (14) that comprise facial skeleton

(6) Paired:

(2) Unpaired:

Answer 3

Viscerocranium: Bones (14) that comprise facial skeleton
Paired:
* Nasal
* Lacrimal
* Zygomatic
* Maxilla
* Inferior nasal concha
* Palatine

Unpaired:
* Mandible
* Vomer

Question 4

Neurocranium: Bones (8) of the skull that house the brain

(2) Paired:

(4) Unpaired:

Answer 4

Neurocranium: Bones (8) of the skull that house the brain

(2) Paired:
* Temporal
* Parietal
(4) Unpaired:
* Occipital
* Frontal
* Sphenoid
* Ethmoid

Question 5

The ______ is the roof of the cranial cavity formed by the _____ bone, _______ bones &
_________ bone

Answer 5

The calvaria is the roof of the cranial cavity formed by the frontal bone, parietal bones &
occipital bone

Question 6

Intersection of parietal bones and occipital bone

Answer 6

Lambda

Question 7

Intersection of frontal bone and parietal bones

Answer 7

Bregma

Question 8

______ are fibrous (synarthrosis) joints between the cranial bones. During development, the ______ allow for birth & growth:
* Fetal skull - _______ are wide
and allow slight movement

Answer 8

Sutures are fibrous (synarthrosis) joints between the cranial bones. During development, the sutures allow for birth & growth:
*Fetal skull - sutures are wide
and allow slight movement

Question 9

The bones of the skull develop in part as membranous bones and at birth result in ___ prominent ________.

Answer 9

The bones of the skull develop in part as membranous bones and at birth result in 4 prominent fontanelles.

Question 10

________ are connective tissue membranes between cranial bones that ________ to close at various stages of
development.

Answer 10

Fontanelles are connective tissue membranes between cranial bones that mineralize to close at various stages of
development.

Question 11

Sphenoidal Fontanelle:
Closes months

Mastoid Fontanelle:
Closes 6 – 28 months

Posterior Fontanelle:
Closes 6-8 months

Anterior Fontanelle:
Closes 14-18 months

Answer 11

Sphenoidal Fontanelle:
Closes ___ months

Mastoid Fontanelle:
Closes ___ – ____ months

Posterior Fontanelle:
Closes ___-___ months

Anterior Fontanelle:
Closes ___-___ months

Question 12

Premature closure of the sagittal suture results in ______, also unknown as sagittal _______.

Answer 12

Premature closure of the sagittal suture results in scaphocephaly, also unknown as sagittal synostosis.

Question 13

The ____ (squamous part) is the anterior flat part of the frontal bone.

Answer 13

The squama (squamous part) is the anterior flat part of the frontal bone.

Question 14

The _______ arches are the bony elevations located superior to the orbit

Answer 14

The superciliary arches are the bony elevations located superior to the orbit

Question 15

The _______ is the smooth area between the two superciliary arches

Answer 15

The glabella is the smooth area between the two superciliary arches

Question 16

The ____ _____ is the
circular-shaped edge
of the orbit

Answer 16

The orbital rim is the
circular-shaped edge
of the orbit

Question 17

what is transmitted through the supraorbital notch (foramen)
onto the face (3)

Answer 17

The supraorbital nerve (Branch of CN V1), artery, and vein
are transmitted through the supraorbital notch (foramen) onto the face

Question 18

Terminal branches of CN ___ (______l nerve) travel through openings on the anterior skull to reach the face

Answer 18

Terminal branches of CN V (Trigeminal nerve) travel through openings on the anterior skull to reach the face

Question 19

what is transmitted through the infraorbital foramen onto the face

Answer 19

The infraorbital nerve (CN V1 branch), artery, and vein are transmitted through the infraorbital foramen onto the face

Question 20

The ________ process of the maxilla is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the _______ _______ (tooth
sockets)

Answer 20

The alveolar process of the maxilla is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the maxillary alveoli (tooth
sockets)

Question 21

The ________ aperture is the pear-shaped opening of the nasal cavity

Answer 21

The piriform aperture is the pear-shaped opening of the nasal cavity

Question 22

a midline ridge, beginning at the
external occipital protuberance
and descending to the foramen
magnum; an attachment sight
for the nuchal ligament

Answer 22

External occipital crest

Question 23

on the posterior aspect of the skull, the ____ _____ serve as attachment sites for muscles

Answer 23

on the posterior aspect of the skull, the nuchal lines serve as attachment sites for muscles

Question 24

a posterior median bony
protrusion of the
occipital bone

Answer 24

External occipital
protuberance

Question 25

* The lateral projections off the external occipital protuberance are the ______ nuchal lines * Below these are the less prominent _______ nuchal lines

Answer 25

* The lateral projections off the external occipital protuberance are the superior nuchal lines * Below these are the less prominent inferior nuchal lines

Question 26

The zygomatic arch is formed by the ________ process of the ________ bone and the _______ process of the _________ bone

Answer 26

The zygomatic arch is formed by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.

Question 27

The ________ arch divides the ______ fossa from the _______ fossa

Answer 27

The zygomatic arch divides the temporal fossa from the infratemporal fossa

Question 28

* Temporal fossa: ______ wing of the _______ bone and squamous part of the ______ bone form the temporal fossa * Infratemporal fossa: ________. ________ process of the ______ bone below the infratemporal crest, posterior to the maxilla, forms the infratemporal fossa

Answer 28

* Temporal fossa: Greater wing of the sphenoid bone and squamous part of the temporal bone form the temporal fossa * Infratemporal fossa: Lateral pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone below the infratemporal crest, posterior to the maxilla, forms the infratemporal fossa

Question 29

The ______ fossa of the ______ bone articulates with the head of the _______ at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Answer 29

The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone articulates with the head of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 30

The tympanic part of the temporal bone forms the

Answer 30

external acoustic meatus

Question 31

The mastoid process and notch are attachment sites of muscles in the _______:

Answer 31

The mastoid process and notch are attachment sites of muscles in the neck

Question 32

* The ______ process serves as an attachment site for the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 32

* The mastoid process serves as an attachment site for the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 33

* The mastoid ______ is located immediately ______ to the mastoid process and serves as an attachment site for the ________ belly of the digastric muscle

Answer 33

* The mastoid notch is located immediately medial to the mastoid process and serves as an attachment site for the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 34

a circular boney depression that protects the pituitary gland

Answer 34

Hypophyseal fossa: a circular boney depression that protects the pituitary gland

Question 35

The _____ process of the temporal bone serves as an attachment site for numerous muscles and ligament

Answer 35

The styloid process of the temporal bone serves as an attachment site for numerous muscles and ligament

Question 36

a hollow space located in the body of the sphenoid bone

Answer 36

Sphenoid sinus: a hollow space located in the body of the sphenoid bone

Question 37

The interior of the base of the skull is the cranial floor and is separated into three regions:

Answer 37

Anterior Cranial Fossa Middle Cranial Fossa Posterior Cranial Fossa

Question 38

The _________ plate of the ethmoid bone is located in the ________ cranial fossa.

Answer 38

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is located in the anterior cranial fossa.

Question 39

CN I (Olfactory nerve) travels through the _________ plate

Answer 39

CN I (Olfactory nerve) travels through the cribriform plate

Question 40

The boundaries between the anterior and middle cranial fossa are the ______ wing and the ________ groove of the sphenoid bone

Answer 40

The boundaries between the anterior and middle cranial fossa are the lesser wing and the prechiasmatic groove of the sphenoid bone

Question 41

The optic canal is an opening in the _______ wing of the sphenoid bone.

Answer 41

The optic canal is an opening in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

Question 42

what travels through the optic canal

Answer 42

CN II (Optic n.) Ophthalmic a.

Question 43

The _______ wing of the sphenoid bone fills the floor of the middle cranial fossa and transmits three divisions of the _______ nerve (CN __1, ___2, and __3 )

Answer 43

The greater wing of the sphenoid bone fills the floor of the middle cranial fossa and transmits three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1, V2, and V3 )

Question 44

* Superior orbital fissure: CN (4) * Foramen rotundum: (1) * Foramen ovale: (1)

Answer 44

* Superior orbital fissure: CN III, IV, V1, VI * Foramen rotundum: V2 * Foramen ovale: V3

Question 45

The internal carotid artery travels through the ______ canal to enter the cranial cavity.

Answer 45

The internal carotid artery travels through the carotid canal to enter the cranial cavity.

Question 46

* The internal carotid a. turns within the carotid canal, it traverses over foramen ______

Answer 46

* The internal carotid a. turns within the carotid canal, it traverses over foramen lacerum

Question 47

* Foramen lacerum, in life, is covered with _______

Answer 47

* Foramen lacerum, in life, is covered with cartilage

Question 48

the pituitary gland has it’s own bony home created by the ____ _____

Answer 48

the pituitary gland has it’s own bony home created by the sella turcica. The tuberculum sellae, hypophyseal fossa, and dorsum sellae create the sella turcica Hypophyseal Fossa

Question 49

a transverse bony ridge posterior to the hypophyseal fossa

Answer 49

Dorsum sellae - a transverse bony ridge posterior to the hypophyseal fossa

Question 50

a transverse bony ridge anterior to the hypophyseal fossa

Answer 50

Tuberculum sellae – a transverse bony ridge anterior to the hypophyseal fossa

Question 51

The tuberculum sellae, hypophyseal fossa, and dorsum sellae create the _____ ______

Answer 51

The tuberculum sellae, hypophyseal fossa, and dorsum sellae create the sella turcica

Question 52

The boundaries between the middle and posterior cranial fossa are the dorsum sellae and petrous ridge of the temporal bone

Answer 52

The boundaries between the middle and posterior cranial fossa are the dorsum sellae and petrous ridge of the temporal bone

Question 53

the internal acoustic meatus and jugular foramen are openings in the ______ cranial fossa.

Answer 53

the internal acoustic meatus and jugular foramen are openings in the posterior cranial fossa.

Question 54

The hypoglossal canal and foramen magnum are holes in the _____ bone, located in the ______cranial fossa.

Answer 54

The hypoglossal canal and foramen magnum are holes in the occipital bone, located in the posterior cranial fossa.

Question 55

Superior articular process of C__ articulates with the _____ condyle at the ____-_______ joint

Answer 55

Superior articular process of C1 articulates with the occipital condyle at the atlanto-occipital joint

Question 56

The ____ _______ is the large opening in the occipital bone through which the brainstem & spinal cord travels along with nerves and vasculature

Answer 56

The foramen magnum is the large opening in the occipital bone through which the brainstem & spinal cord travels along with nerves and vasculature

Question 57

The _______ canal is a tunnel located between the occipital condyle and jugular foramen. The ______ nerve (CN ____) travels through this opening.

Answer 57

The hypoglossal canal is a tunnel located between the occipital condyle and jugular foramen. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) travels through this opening.

Question 58

Lateral to the occipital bone, the _____ part of the ______ bone helps form the floor of the cranial cavity. There are many foramina here to transmit cranial nerves and vasculature.

Answer 58

Lateral to the occipital bone, the petrous part of the temporal bone helps form the floor of the cranial cavity. There are many foramina here to transmit cranial nerves and vasculature.

Question 59

What travels through the following? External opening of carotid canal? Jugular fossa/foramen?

Answer 59

External opening of carotid canal * Internal carotid a. Jugular fossa/foramen * CN IX, X, XI and *internal jugular vein

Question 60

a relatively large hole in the posterior cranial fossa, located lateral to the anterior part of foramen magnum.

Answer 60

Jugular foramen

Question 61

a deep depression situated on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone that covers the bulb of the internal jugular vein; located posterior to the carotid canal; superiorly it is continuous with the jugular foramen.

Answer 61

Jugular fossa

Question 62

The _________ foramen is located in between the styloid process and mastoid process of the temporal bone through which branches of CN ____ (______ nerve) travel.

Answer 62

The stylomastoid foramen is located in between the styloid process and mastoid process of the temporal bone through which branches of CN VII (Facial nerve) travel.

Question 63

The sphenoid bone has two bilateral _________ processes that project downward.

Answer 63

The sphenoid bone has two bilateral pterygoid processes that project downward.

Question 64

Foramen _____ is a hole in the _____ wing of the sphenoid bone that transmits a branch of the ____ nerve (CN ___)

Answer 64

Foramen ovale is a hole in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone that transmits a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 65

The hard palate is formed by the _____ processes of the _____ anteriorly and the ______ plates of the _______ bone posteriorly.

Answer 65

The hard palate is formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae anteriorly and the horizontal plates of the palatine bone posteriorly.

Question 66

These openings in the posterior cranial fossa transmit which nerves? Jugular foramen * CN (3) Internal acoustic meatus * CN (2)

Answer 66

Jugular foramen * CN IX, X, XI Internal acoustic meatus * CN VII, VIII

Question 67

What goes through the following? Hypoglossal canal? Foramen Magnum?

Answer 67

Hypoglossal canal * CN XII Foramen Magnum * Spinal cord/brainstem * CN XI * Vertebral arteries * Spinal arteries

Question 68

What travels through the foramen magnum?

Answer 68

Foramen Magnum * Spinal cord/brainstem * CN XI * Vertebral arteries * Spinal arteries

Question 69

The ________ pterygoid plate serves as an attachment site for muscles of mastication (medial and lateral pterygoid muscles)

Answer 69

The lateral pterygoid plate serves as an attachment site for muscles of mastication (medial and lateral pterygoid muscles)

Question 70

The _______ division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) travels through foramen _____

Answer 70

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) travels through foramen ovale