Class 6 - Development, Testing and Individual Differences

Question 1

Development psychology

Answer 1

studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

fertilized egg

Question 3

Fetus

Answer 3

the developing human organism; after embryo

Question 4

Embryo

Answer 4

developing human organism

Question 5

Teratogens

Answer 5

agents that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Question 6

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 6

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

Question 7

Habituation

Answer 7

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

Question 8

Maturation

Answer 8

biological growth processes that enables orderly changes in behavior

Question 9

Cognition

Answer 9

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating

Question 10

Schema

Answer 10

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 12

Accommodation

Answer 12

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

Question 13

Object permanence

Answer 13

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 14

Conservation

Answer 14

the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same

Question 15

Egocentrism

Answer 15

the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

Question 16

Theory of mind

Answer 16

people’s ideas about their own and other’s mental states – about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict

Question 17

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 17

marked by deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixed interests and repetitive behaviors

Question 18

Piaget : Sensorimotor stage

Answer 18

object permanence, stranger anxiety; first stage

Question 19

Piaget : Preoperational stage

Answer 19

egocentrism, pretend play; second stage

Question 20

Piaget : Concrete operational stage

Answer 20

conservation, mathematical transformations; third stage

Question 21

Piaget : Formal operational stage

Answer 21

abstract logic, potential for mature moral reasoning; last stage

Question 22

Stranger anxiety

Answer 22

fear of strangers

Question 23

Attachment

Answer 23

emotional tie with another person

Question 24

Critical Period

Answer 24

period when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

Question 25

Imprinting

Answer 25

process where certain animals form strong attachments during early life

Question 26

Strange situation

Answer 26

procedure for studying attachment; place baby and stranger in the same room without his/her caregiver

Question 27

Secure attachment

Answer 27

explore environments comfortably when their caregiver is present

Question 28

Insecure attachment

Answer 28

infants that display a clinging, anxious attachment or avoidant attachment that resists closeness

Question 29

Temperament

Answer 29

a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 30

Basic Trust (Erik Erikson)

Answer 30

sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy

Question 31

Self-concept

Answer 31

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to question "Who am I?"

Question 32

Parenting styles

Answer 32

1. Authoritarian : dictate parent, overbearing 2. Permissive : allow them to do whatever they want 3. Negligent : ignore children 4. Authoritative : firm but reasonable

Question 33

Relational aggression

Answer 33

aggression intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing

Question 34

Gender role

Answer 34

a set of expected behaviors, attitude, and traits for male or for female

Question 35

Androgny

Answer 35

displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics

Question 36

Prunning

Answer 36

development of connection between cells and form patterns throughout life

Question 37

Neural plasticity

Answer 37

the brain's neuron's ability to adapt and grow to form new connections

Question 38

Adolescence

Answer 38

emotional part of brain (limbic system) develop faster than communication part of brain (frontal lobe)

Question 39

Kohlberg : Per-conventional morality

Answer 39

self-interest

Question 40

Kohlberg : Conventional morality

Answer 40

uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

Question 41

Kohlberg : Post-conventional morality

Answer 41

actions reflect belief in basic rights and self defined ethical principles

Question 42

Erikson : Infancy

Answer 42

trust vs mistrust

Question 43

Erikson : Toddlerhood

Answer 43

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 44

Erikson : Preschool

Answer 44

initiative vs guilt

Question 45

Erikson : Elementary school

Answer 45

competence vs inferiority

Question 46

Erikson : Adolescence

Answer 46

identity vs role confusion

Question 47

Erikson : Young adulthood

Answer 47

intimacy vs isolation

Question 48

Erikson : Middle adulthood

Answer 48

generativity vs stagnation

Question 49

Erikson : Late adulthood

Answer 49

integrity vs despair

Question 50

Cross-sectional study

Answer 50

study two or more group at the same time

Question 51

Longitudinal study

Answer 51

study one individual for a long period of time

Question 52

Cohort effect

Answer 52

phenomena of the difference in individuals growing u pin different eras

Question 53

Social clock

Answer 53

a timeline by the society of what we expect an individual to do at a certain time in their live

Question 54

Alzheimer's disease

Answer 54

memory and thinking skills slowly destroyed

Question 55

General intelligence (g)

Answer 55

a type of intelligence that measures a person's intelligence

Question 56

Multiple intelligence

Answer 56

different type of intelligence; Gardner's eight intelligence

Question 57

Savant

Answer 57

people with superhuman like abilities in one specific field | ex. human calculator, knowing a date of a random calendar date

Question 58

Sternberg's three intelligence

Answer 58

1. analytical intelligence : logical situations, science 2. creative intelligence : solve problem, create something new 3. practical intelligence : "street smart", adapt quickly to situations

Question 59

Social intelligence

Answer 59

very social leader, support others, influence, interpersonal intelligence

Question 60

Emotion intelligence

Answer 60

intrapersonal intelligence, deal with and control emotions (own and others)

Question 61

Intelligence Quotient

Answer 61

score of derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence

Question 62

Normal curve

Answer 62

bell-shaped curve

Question 63

Calculating IQ

Answer 63

mental age / chronological age * 100

Question 64

Reliability

Answer 64

results are always consistent regardless of the number of times the test has been performed

Question 65

Validity

Answer 65

is test measuring what it is suppose to test

Question 66

Content validity

Answer 66

how well the test measures what its suppose to measure

Question 67

Predictive validity

Answer 67

extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure

Question 68

Cohort

Answer 68

individual in the same era in time

Question 69

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 69

fact based knowledge

Question 70

Fluid intelligence

Answer 70

knowledge that is adaptable, changable

Question 71

Intellectual disability

Answer 71

disability in intelligence | ex. down syndrome

Question 72

Heritability

Answer 72

proportion of variation among individual in a group that we can attribute to genes

Question 73

Stereotype threat

Answer 73

self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype