Class One

Question 1

what is a society

Answer 1

a group of people who share a culture and live/interact with each other in an area

Question 2

3 theories that explain society

Answer 2

functionalism

conflict theory

symbolic interactionism

social constructionism

Question 3

macro level theories + 2 examples

Answer 3

focus on the effects of large scale social structures

functions & conflict theory

Question 4

micro level + example

Answer 4

small scale interactions (one on one or small group interactions)

symbolic interactionism

Question 5

micro level + example

Answer 5

small scale interactions (one on one or small group interactions)

symbolic interactionism

Question 6

social constructionism

Answer 6

can be either micro or macro

Question 7

functionalism definition

Answer 7

conceptualizes society as a living organism with interrelated & interdependent parts - which each gas a distinct and necessary purpose

Question 8

founder of sociology

Answer 8

Emile Durkheim

Question 9

which society is more complex - primitive or modern

Answer 9

modern according to Durkheim - relying on each other to make society whole

Question 10

dynamic equilibrium in functionalist theory

Answer 10

during crisis, major structures of society will work together to return to a state of dynamic equilibrium

Question 11

collective conscience

Answer 11

people of a shared culture thinking in the same way due to shared beliefs/ideas which unify society

Question 12

manifest functions

Answer 12

official + intended consequences of a structure

Question 13

latent functions

Answer 13

consequences of a structure that were not sought out

can be beneficial or harmkful

Question 14

social dysfunction

Answer 14

process that has undesirable consequences & can reduce society stability

Question 15

which 2 sociological theories go against each other

Answer 15

functionalist and conflict theory

Question 16

conflict theory main idea

Answer 16

individuals of a society have to compete for social/political/material resources - unequal distribution

Question 17

Karl Marx’s main findings

Answer 17

economic conflict between 2 social classes

working class is oppressed + exploited by the capitalist class

Question 18

hegemony

Answer 18

coerced acceptance values, expectation & conditions determined by the capitalist class

Question 19

how does hegemony benefit the capitalist class

Answer 19

justifies the social/political/economic status as natural & beneficial for everyone (even though it only benefits the capitalists)

Question 20

class consciousness

Answer 20

exploited workers’ awareness of the reasons for their oppression

leads to revolution

Question 21

Marx - socialism

Answer 21

the extreme form of socialism following a revolution - Marx labelled as communism

Question 22

Weber’s views on Marx’s theory

Answer 22

focus on economic inequality was too narrow

didn’t pay attention to the power of values/beliefs in society

Question 23

Protestant/Puritan work ethic

Answer 23

religious belief to do hard work for the sake of Godliness

Question 24

criticisms of conflict theory

Answer 24

focuses too much on competition & economic factors

Question 25

symbolic interactionism main idea

Answer 25

analyzes society by looking at the subjective meanings people impose on objects/events/behaviours language + symbols, exchange of information!

Question 26

what is self developed through

Answer 26

language games & play

Question 27

difference between “I” and “me”

Answer 27

I - individualistic self, has it's own autonomy & will me - social self, others interpreting our behaviour

Question 28

“I" and “me” conflict

Answer 28

constant dialogue with each other - can agree or conflict represents the internal dialogue between the individualistic and social self

Question 29

Thomas theorem

Answer 29

theory that the interpretation of a situation affects the response to that situation

Question 30

dramaturgical approach

Answer 30

symbolic interactionism people on a stage - choosing what image they want to communicate acting differently in different settings

Question 31

criticism of symbolic interactionism

Answer 31

neglects the macro level of social interpretation + larger issues in society

Question 32

social constructionism main idea

Answer 32

examines the constructs of society from macro & micro perspectibes

Question 33

feminist theory

Answer 33

differences in social experiences of men & women looks at macro and micro levels of oppression

Question 34

intersectionality

Answer 34

oppressive factors (race, sex, class etc.) do not exist isolated from each other

Question 35

what falls under rational choice theory

Answer 35

social exchange theory game theory rational actor theory

Question 36

rational choice theory main idea

Answer 36

individuals seeking to maximize benefits and minimize disadvantages - affects social interactions

Question 37

utilitarianism main idea

Answer 37

individuals are rational in their actions individuals will seek to maximize their own self-interest

Question 38

criticisms of rational choice theory

Answer 38

minimizes the role of culture and subjective meaning

Question 39

what theory is Emile Durkheim associated with

Answer 39

functionalism

Question 40

3 founding fathers of sociology

Answer 40

Marx Weber Durkheim

Question 41

James Lange theory of emotion

Answer 41

emotion arises from physiological arousal you feel the emotion after arousal takes place

Question 42

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

Answer 42

you feel physiological arousal and emotion at the same time (but independently)

Question 43

Schacter-Singer theory of emotion

Answer 43

emotion results from the interaction between physiological arousal and cognition