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7th Grade > Classes of Phylum Chordata > Flashcards

Classes of Phylum Chordata Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five main classes of Phylum Chordata?

A

Mammalia, Reptilia, Amphibia, Aves, and Fish

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2
Q

What’s unique about the classification of fish?

A

It is no longer a normal, distinct class; scientists have broken it into three super-classes. “Fish” is a general category, not a specific class anymore

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3
Q

What are the main characteristics of mammals (Class Mammalia)?

A

Hair/Fur, endothermic vertebrates, give birth to live offspring (viviparous), provide milk to offspring through mammary glands, possess a diaphragm. four-chambered hearts, skin glands, different types of teeth, and one jawbone.

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4
Q

How many orders are there in Class Mammalia?

A

About 27

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5
Q

What’s the difference between marsupials and placental mammals?

A

Placental mammal offspring are born fully mature; marsupials carry their freshly born offspring in pouches until they are ready to function on their own.

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6
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia lays eggs?

A

Monotremata (duck-billed playpus and two types of spiney anteater)

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7
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia contains the orca whale?

A

Cetacean

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8
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia contains the manatee?

A

Sirenia

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9
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia contains rabbits and hares?

A

Lagomorpha

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10
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia contains rats and mice?

A

Rodentia

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11
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia contains moles?

A

Insectivora

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12
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia contains lions and tigers?

A

Carnivora

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13
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia contains sloths and anteaters?

A

Edentata

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14
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia contains bats?

A

Chiroptera

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15
Q

Which order of Class Mammalia contains us?

A

Primates

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16
Q

What are the main characteristics of Class Reptilia?

A

Ectothermic vertebrates, have rough, dry, overlapping scales and no skin glands, are oviparous (lay eggs), their eggs have an amniote (leathery protective coating), move in a creeping or burrowing manner, breathe with lungs, have a four section body, and four-chambered hearts

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17
Q

What’s the difference between internal and external fertilization?

A

Internal fertilization: when the male of the species provides his genetic material to the egg while it’s inside of the female.
external fertilization: when the male provides his genetic material after the female lays the egg

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18
Q

What are the four orders of Class Reptilia?

A

Squamata, Crocodilia, Rhyncocephalia, and Testudinia

19
Q

Which order of Class Reptilia contains snakes and lizards?

A

Squamata

20
Q

Which order of Class Reptilia contains turtles and tortoises?

A

Testudinia

21
Q

Which order of Class Reptilia contains tuataras?

A

Rhyncocephalia

22
Q

Why do reptile urinary systems to save as much water within the body as possible?

A

Because water helps reptiles maintain their body temperature in their environment.

23
Q

What are the main characteristics of Class Amphibia?

A

four legs, are oviparous, breathe through their skin and through lungs, go through metamorphosis

24
Q

What is metamorphosis?

A

when an organism goes through drastic changes to its primary characteristics when developing into an adult (ex. caterpillar to butterfly and tadpole to frog).

25
Q

Why do most amphibians live in moist environments?

A

to provide their skin with the necessary moisture to breathe efficiently

26
Q

Some amphibians use amplexus fertilization. What is that?

A

A form of external fertilization where the eggs are fertilized by the male immediately after they come out of the female.

27
Q

Which came first in evolution: fish, reptiles, or amphibians?

A

In order: fish, amphibians, reptiles. Fish, particularly lungfish like the coelocanth, developed legs from their lobe fins to become the ancestor of amphibians. Some amphibians adapted for life primarily on land, becoming the ancestor for reptiles

28
Q

What are the three orders of Class Amphibia?

A

Anura, Caudata, and Gymnophiona

29
Q

Which of the orders of Class Amphibia contains the exception to the characteristic of four legs?

A

Gymnophiona; contains the caecilians, legless amphibians

30
Q

Which order of Class Amphibia contains salamanders and newts?

A

Caudata

31
Q

Which order of Class Amphibia contains frogs and toads?

A

Anura

32
Q

What are the main characteristics of fish?

A

Skin covered in scales. ectothermic, soft shelled eggs that must be laid in water, external fertilization, fully aquatic, limbs modified into fins, gas exchange (respiration) through gills.

33
Q

Since “fish” isn’t a true class, what are the three super-classes?

A

Agnatha - jawless fish, Chondricthyes - cartilaginous fish, Osteicthyes - bony fish

34
Q

What are some fish that Class Agnatha contains?

A

hagfish and lampreys

35
Q

What are some fish that Class Chondricthyes contains?

A

sharks, rays, skates, and ratfishes

36
Q

What are the two subclasses of fish that Class Osteicthyes contains?

A

ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish

37
Q

Why are sharks in Class Chondricthyes?

A

Because their skeleton is composed of cartilage, not bone

38
Q

What’s a swim bladder?

A

an internal pouch that helps fish regulate their position and buoyancy in the water

39
Q

What are the main characteristics of Class Aves?

A

Feathers and wings, lightweight ossified skeleton, endothermic, lungs with air sacs, beak or bill, scales on feet and legs, amniotic egg

40
Q

How many orders of Class Aves are there?

A

Around 23

41
Q

Why is the classification of birds changing?

A

because of their strong similarities and shared evolutionary roots with reptiles, a large number of scientists are pushing to turn Aves into a subclass of Reptilia.

42
Q

What are feathers made of?

A

Keratin

43
Q

What enables birds to fly?

A

Hollow bones

7th Grade (19 decks)

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