Classification

Question 1

What is environmental variation?

Answer 1

Variation caused by the influences of the environment, e.g climate, diet, accidents, culture and lifestyle.

Question 2

What is a genotype?

Answer 2

The alleles that an organism inherits, it can affect the Phenotype

Question 3

What is a phenotype?

Answer 3

What an organism looks like

Question 4

What is an allele?

Answer 4

Different forms of the same gene

Question 5

What are the two types of allele?

Answer 5

Dominant

Recessive

Question 6

Where is genetic material found in a cells?

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

What do chromosomes do?

Answer 7

Carry genetic information

Question 8

How many matching pairs of chromosomes do human body cells have?

Answer 8

23

Question 9

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 9

Individuals carry two identical alleles

BB, bb

Question 10

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 10

Individuals carry two different alleles

Question 11

State the 5 kingdoms

Answer 11

Animal
Plant
Fungi
Prokaryotes
Protocists

Question 12

Which species are hard to classify

Answer 12

Birds with wings

Question 13

What are the 5 classes of vertebrate?

Answer 13

Bird
Reptile
Amphibian
Mammal
Fish

Question 14

In a punnet square, if there it is Dd, what is the outcome?

Answer 14

Dominant allele

Question 15

In a punnet square, if there it is dd, what is the outcome?

Answer 15

Recessive

Question 16

How do we work out inheritance?

Answer 16

Punnet squares

Question 17

In an inheritance six marker, what do you have to include?

Answer 17

Draw a punnet square
Draw a key
Explain the outcome and why (refer to dominant and recessive)
If the person will then carry the recessive gene

Question 18

What is genetic variation?

Answer 18

Variation caused as a result of mutation or sexual reproduction - inherited, e.g eye colour

Question 19

What are the key points of the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 19

Individuals in a species show a wide range of variation.
This variation is because of differences in genes.
Individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
The genes that allowed the individuals to be successful are passed to the offspring in the next generation.

Question 20

Name two types of genetic illnesses

Answer 20

Cystic Fibrosis

Sickle cell anemia

Question 21

What is speciation?

Answer 21

Over a long period of time, one species become two by variation, because the one species has become so different, the two species cannot breed with each other

Question 22

Suggest how the size and shape of their beaks enabled all of these types of finches to survive.

Answer 22

different beak sizes enable different finches to feed on different food types,
Causing less competition between species

Question 23

Suggest how these species of finches could have evolved.

Answer 23

variation between species/ beak sizes/ shapes due to mutation, competition for resources
Survival of the fittest,
Those who survive pass their genes onto their offspring
This is natural selection

Question 24

Explain why the dodo was placed in the kingdom Animalia.

Answer 24

The dodo was multicellular

The dodo fed on other organisms

Question 25

The dodo was classified as a chordate. | Using the information in the photograph, explain why scientists classified the dodo into the phylum Chordata.

Answer 25

has a (supporting) rod / spinal cord

Question 26

The binomial name for the dodo is Raphus cucullatus. | The name Raphus refers to the dodo’s ...

Answer 26

Genus

Question 27

The dodo lived on the small island of Mauritius. It became extinct in 1681. Using your knowledge of natural selection, suggest why the dodo may have become extinct.

Answer 27

Predation / disease change in environmental conditions loss of food source / reduced food source increased competition limited adaptations / survival of the fittest unable to reproduce / reproduce less

Question 28

The formation of a new species due to geographical isolation is called...

Answer 28

Speciation

Question 29

What is geographical isolation?

Answer 29

The separation of two populations of the same species or breeding group by a physical barrier, such as a mountain or body of water.

Question 30

Describe the causes of variation in a population.

Answer 30

Genetic variation Environmental variation Mutation

Question 31

How do Fungi feed?

Answer 31

Saprophytically - feed off dead organisms

Question 32

How do reptiles control their internal environment?

Answer 32

They are classed as poikilotherms, they cannot control their body temperature so have to use their environment e.g the sun/ shade

Question 33

How do mammals control their internal environment?

Answer 33

Mammals are homeotherms so can can control their internal environment, using thermoregulation

Question 34

Out of the 5 kingdoms, which are multicellular with a nucleus?

Answer 34

Protocists

Question 35

Viruses are not classified into any of the five kingdoms. | Suggest reasons for this.

Answer 35

Viruses are non living, need a host to live

Question 36

What organisms are multicellular?

Answer 36

Animals Plants Fungi

Question 37

What organisms are singular celled?

Answer 37

Protoctists | Prokaryotes

Question 38

Give an example of a protoctist

Answer 38

Algae

Question 39

Give an example of a prokaryote?

Answer 39

Bacteria

Question 40

Which organisms do not have a nucleus?

Answer 40

Prokaryotes

Question 41

What are the three main things scientists divide the vertebrates by?

Answer 41

How they breathe - lungs (birds), gills (fish), skin (amphibians) How they reproduce - oviparous (eggs), viviparous (live young) How they regulate their internal environment - homeotherms (warm blooded, can control), poikilotherms (cold blooded, cannot control)