Classification

Question 1

Classification is traditionally based on

Answer 1

Morphology (form and shape of the body) and Anatomy (detailed body structure, which could be determined by dissection)

Question 2

What are used as more accurate means of classification

Answer 2

The sequences of bases in DNA and the sequences of proteins in Amino Acids

Question 3

Organisms that are more closely related have ______ base sequences of DNA as compared to distantly related organisms

Answer 3

more similar

Question 4

Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cell -

1. Has no true nucleus
2. Genetic material usually consists of a single circular DNA which isn’t enclosed in a nucleus
3. Has no membrane-bound organelles
4. Has cell walls that are not made of cellulose
5. Doesn’t have mitochondria

Eukaryotic cell -

1. Has true nucleus,
2. Nucleus encloses chromosomes made up of DNA,
3. Has membrane-bound organelles,
4. May or may not contain cell wall
5. May contain mitochondria

Question 5

a

Answer 5

b

Question 6

What are viruses made up of?

Answer 6

Genetic material (RNA or DNA) surrounded by a protein coat

Question 7

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 7

1. Virus attaches to host cell
2. Virus takes over host cell’s machinery
3. Copies of virus made using host cell’s organelles
4. New viruses burst out of host cell

Question 8

Characteristics of Protoctists

Answer 8

1. Most are unicellular, however some protoctists, such as seaweed are multi-cellular.
2. Has a nucleus
3. Some protoctists have plant-like cells, such as chloroplasts and cell walls.
4. Other protoctists have animal-like cells.

Question 9

Characteristics of Fungi

Answer 9

1. Body made up of filaments called hyphae
2. Nuclei is present
3. Cell wall is not made of cellulose
4. Saprophytes or parasites

Question 10

Main difference between invertebrates and vertebrates

Answer 10

Invertebrates are animals without backbones and vertebrates are animals with backbones

Question 11

Characteristics of invertebrates

Answer 11

1. Jointed legs
2. Body covered by exoskeleton which is made of chitin
3. Segmented body

Question 12

Insects -

1. Body divisions
2. Pairs of jointed legs
3. Antennae
4. Pairs of wings
5. Breathing
6. Examples

Answer 12

1. Head, thorax and abdomen
2. 3 pairs
3. 1 pair
4. 2 pairs of wings
5. Breathing holes called spiracles connected to trachea
6. Mosquitos, flies

Question 13

Arachnids -

1. Body divisions
2. Pairs of jointed legs
3. Antennae
4. Pairs of wings
5. Breathing
6. Examples

Answer 13

1. Cephalothorax and abdomen
2. 4 pairs
3. No antennae
4. No wings
5. Gills called book lungs
6. Spiders, scorpions

Question 14

Crustaceans -

1. Body divisions
2. Pairs of jointed legs
3. Antennae
4. Pairs of wings
5. Breathing
6. Examples

Answer 14

1. Cephalothorax and abdomen
2. 5 or more pairs
3. 2 pairs
4. No wings
5. Gills
6. Crabs, lobsters

Question 15

Other name for invertebrates

Answer 15

Phylum arthropoda

Question 16

Myriapods -

1. Body divisions
2. Pairs of jointed legs
3. Antennae
4. Pairs of wings
5. Breathing
6. Examples

Answer 16

1. Body divided into head and many segments
2. Many pairs of legs
3. 1 pair
4. No wings
5. Breathing holes called spiracles connected to trachea
6. Centipedes, millipedes

Question 17

Other name for vertebrates

Answer 17

Phylum cordata

Question 18

Fish -

1. Body covering
2. Movement
3. Reproduction
4. Sense organs
5. Other details
6. Examples

Answer 18

1. Scales
2. Fins
3. Jelly covered eggs in water
4. Eyes, Lateral line - sensory cells detect vibrations in water, No ears
5. Ectotherms, gills for breathing
6. Goldfish, salmon

Question 19

Amphibians -

1. Body covering
2. Movement
3. Reproduction
4. Sense organs
5. Other details
6. Examples

Answer 19

1. Moist skin
2. 4 limbs - back limbs often with webbed feet
3. Jelly covered eggs in water
4. Eyes and ears
5. Ectotherms, lungs and skin for breathing
6. Frogs, toads

Question 20

Reptiles -

1. Body covering
2. Movement
3. Reproduction
4. Sense organs
5. Other details
6. Examples

Answer 20

1. Dry, leathery scales
2. 4 limbs (absent in snakes)
3. Eggs with leathery, waterproof shell on land
   4, Eyes and ears
4. Ectotherms, lungs for breathing
5. Lizards, turtles

Question 21

Birds -

1. Body covering
2. Movement
3. Reproduction
4. Sense organs
5. Other details
6. Examples

Answer 21

1. Feathers and scales on legs
2. Wings and 2 legs
3. Eggs with hard shells
4. Eyes and ears
5. Endotherms, beaks, lungs for breathing
6. Parrots, vultures

Question 22

Mammals -

1. Body covering
2. Movement
3. Reproduction
4. Sense organs
5. Other details
6. Examples

Answer 22

1. Fur/hair
2. 4 limbs
3. Live young
4. Eyes and ears (with pinnae)
5. Endotherms, mammary glands, lungs for breathing
6. Humans, lions

Question 23

Characteristics of a plant

Answer 23

1. Multicellular bodies
2. Cells include nucleus, cell walls made of cellulose and chloroplasts
3. Autotrophs that carry out photosynthesis

Question 24

Characteristics of a fern

Answer 24

1. Plants with roots, stems and leaves
2. Leaves are called fronds
3. Reproduce via spores
4. Do not produce flowers

Question 25

Characteristics of flowering plants

Answer 25

1. Plants with roots, stem and leaves 2. Reproduce sexually by means of flower and seeds 3. Seeds are produced inside the ovary, in the flower

Question 26

Characteristics of a monocot

Answer 26

1. Fibrous root system 2. Narrow leaves with parallel veins 3. Flower parts in 3s (3 petals, 3 sepals, etc) 4. One cotyledon

Question 27

Characteristics of a dicot

Answer 27

1. Tap root system 2. Broad leaves with branched veins forming a network 3. Flower parts in 4s or 5s (4 or 5 petals, 4 or 5 sepals, etc) 4. Two cotyledons