classification of species Flashcards
(28 cards)
what is classification
where you put living organisms into groups with similar features
what are the 3 domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
what are the 5 kingdoms
-plants
-animals
-fungi
-prokaryote
-protocists
what are archea
extremophiles
what are the 5 vertebrates (chordata phylum)
-fishes (gelatinous egg)
-amphibians (wet skin)
-reptiles (soft eggs)
-birds (hard eggs, feathers)
-mammals (live young)
what’s the binomial system
-all organisms given a two part Latin name
-including the genus and the species
-the genus comes first and is capitalised the species comes second and isn’t capitalised
-written in italics or underlined
what is a species
a group of individual organisms that are very similar in appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetics
what is the classification heirachy
-eight taxonomic levels
what happens at the higher levels of the classification heriachy
-differences between organisms are very great
what happens as you get lower on the classification heirachy
-the taxonomic group becomes increasingly difficult to separate
what is the domain
the highest taxonomic rank
what is the kingdom
5 main kingdoms that all posses a nucleus
-single celled organisms without a nucleus are grouped into the prokaryote kingdom
what is the phylum
all groups of organisms with the same body plan
what’s the class
the same general traits
what is the order
a subdivision of class using additional info
what’s the family
organisms with closely related genera
what’s the genus
closely related species
what’s the species
the basic unit, all show some variation but essentially the same
what happens as you move down the classification system,
more specific and less inclusive
describe the prokaryotae
-no nucleus
-loops of DNA (not linear chromosome arrangement)
-naked DNA (not associated with histone proteins)
-no membrane bound organelles
-smaller ribosomes (70S)
describe the protoctista
-eukaryotic
-mostly single celled
-wide variety of forms (some plant-like some animal-like)
-have autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition (some photosynthesise some ingest prey, use extracellular enzymes of parasites)
what’s autotrophic nutrition
food through photosynthesis (produce it themselves)
-by absorbing simple molecules and building them into larger ones
what’s heterotrophic nutrition
dependant on other organisms for food and cant synthesise their own
-digest large molecules to form smaller molecules for absorption
describe the fungi kingdom
-eukaryotic
-can exist as single celled (yeast) or have a mycelium that consists of hyphae
-cell walls made of chitin
-cytoplasm is multinucleate
-free living or saprophytic (cause decay of organic matter)
