types of classification Flashcards
(13 cards)
what is convergent evolution
they have all separately evolved to occupy a similar niche e.g. a shark and a dolphin both do the same thing but in diff areas
what’s artificial classification
-based only on a few characteristics
-doesn’t reflect evolutionary relationships
-provides limited information
-stable (wont change w new information)
benefits of artificial classification
-user friendly
-easy to remember
what’s natural classification
-uses many characteristics
-reflects evolutionary relationships
-provides a lot of useful information
-may change with advancing knowledge
how can testing on endangered species help conservation methods
-can find a closely related species that will respond very similar way
how can you use biological molecules when classifying
-certain biological molecules are found in all living things (such as the ones for respiration and protein synthesis)
what does it mean if two organisms have similar biological molecules
they are closely related as they haven’t evolved separately for long
on a phylogenetic tree, what does two converging points mean
a common ancestor
what are two proteins (biological molecules) that can be used to classify
-haemoglobin
-cytochrome C
what’s cytochrome C
-a protein used in respiration and in every living thing
disadvantage for using haemoglobin to compare/classify
not in every living thing
how can cytochrome C be used
-amino acids can be identified and sequences can be compared
-if sequences are the same, 2 species closely relate
how would DNA be used to compare organisms
-the code is the same for all organisms however the sequence isn’t
-the more similar the sequence in a part of DNA, the more closely related the 2 species are
