clinical disease and pop control of small animals Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
how many nipples dog have
A
10
2
Q
how many nipples cat have
A
8
3
Q
4 signs oestrus
A
- vulval enlargment
- standing
- standing when apply rump pressure
- haemorrhagic/straw coloured discharge with characteristic smell
4
Q
white vaginal discharge can suggest (4)
A
- vaginitis
- early metestrus
- open pyo
- cystitis
5
Q
red vaginal discharge can be (2)
A
- proestrus
- oestrus
6
Q
clear mucoid vaginal discharge is
A
- normal
7
Q
clear watery vaginal discharge can be (1)
A
allantioc/amniotic fluid
8
Q
greeny black vaginal discharge can be (1)
A
normal parturition
9
Q
brown/red black vaginal discharge can be (1)
A
metritis
10
Q
adult vaginitis vaginal discharge
A
purulent creamy white discharge
11
Q
2 types vaginitis
A
- adult
- juvenile
12
Q
juvenile vaginitis treatment
A
usually resolves with first season
13
Q
treatment adult vaginitis
A
- treat specific cause
- exogenous oestrogens
14
Q
pyometra is more common in (species)
A
dog
15
Q
pyometra usually presents when
A
8 weeks after last oestrus
16
Q
3 things needed for pyo formation
A
- cystic endometrial hyperplasia
- open cervix
- progesterone (immunosuppressive)
17
Q
diagnos pyo
A
- ultrasound
- on radiograph can get pregnancy confused with pyo
18
Q
tx vaginal trauma
A
conservative tx usually works
19
Q
vaginal/vestibulo neoplasia common types
A
- leiomyoma - benign smooth muscle tumour most common
- leiomyosarcoma - malignant is less common
20
Q
vaginal hyperplasia occur due to
A
excessive response of vaginal mucosa to oestrogens in follicular phase
21
Q
vaginal hyperplasia causes
A
vaginal oedema then proplapse
22
Q
what breed more predisposed to vaginal prolapse
A
brachycephalic breeds
23
Q
treatment vaginal proplapse
A
- conservative keep it moist and sutures
- surgical excision
24
Q
placental separation causes what discharge
A
greenish/reddish brown
25
concerned if occur during parturition
- foetal fluids passed 2-3 hours ago and nothing
| - straining 20-30 min and nothing
26
commonest cause of dog dystocia
malpresentation
27
5 causes of primary uterine inertia
- young
- fat
- inherited
- small or large litter
- systemic disease
28
tx inertia if no obstruction
- exercise
- oxytocin
- tickle dorsal wall of vagina
29
how use oxytocin in uterine inertia tx
- give repeated small doses
| - a large dose will prolong contractions and crush babies
30
ovarian neoplasia presentation
- large mass
| - ascites
31
hydrometra/mucometra define
sterile fluid accumulation in uterus
32
hydrometra/mucometra occurs due to
2* to congenital abnormality
33
retained testicle is more likely to be (3)
- hypoplastic
- neoplastic
- abnormally functioning
34
4 causes of differently sized testicles
- neoplasia
- torsion
- epididymitis
- orchitis
35
the testicle is how common to get neoplasia
2nd most common site
36
tumours of retained testicles more likely to be
malignant
37
tumours of normal testicles more likely to be
benign
38
clinical signs of oestrogen secreting tumour male dogs (3)
- droopy prepuce
- symetrical flank alopecia
- mammary gland development
39
oestrogen secreting tumour in male dog
sertoli cell tumour
40
3 clinical signs orchitis/epididymitis
- testicular pain
- scrotal oedema
- systemically ill
41
orchitis/epididymitis can
abscessation through the scrotum
42
orchitis/epididymitis if chronic
get fibrotic testicles and adhesions form between scrotum and tunic
43
paraphimosis define
non-erect protruding penis that cannot retract
44
3 causes of paraphimosis
- narrow preputial orifice
- penile enlargment
- weak preputial muscles
45
priapism define
persistent erection
46
priapism can be (2)
- ischaemic
| - non-ischaemic
47
ischaemic priapism appearance
rigid shaft with soft glans
48
3 causes penile mass
- inflammation
- neoplasia
- urethral prolapse
49
hypospadias define
failure of the fuision of male urogenital folds and so incomplete formation of the penile urethra
50
persistent frenulum define
- congenital disease
| - incomplete separation of penis and prepuce after puberty
51
phimosis define
cannot protrude penis
52
prostatic enlargement can present as
dyschezia
53
most common prostatic disease of the entire male dog
benign prostatic hypertrophy
54
testosterone dependant benign prostatic hypertrophy causes
uniform enlargment of the prostate causing compression on rectum and so dyschezia and dysuria
55
consider when doing prostatic drainage
drain all of it to prevent leaks
56
2 types prostatic cyst
- prostatic/parenchymal
| - paraprostatic/periprostatic
57
prostatic cyst clinical signs
- similar to lower GIT obstruction
| - urethral discharge
58
prostatic neoplasia incidence
- rare
| - commoner in castrated males
59
prostatic neoplasia type
locally invasive and metastatic
60
prostatic neoplasia clinical signs (3)
- weight loss
- pain
- dyschezia
61
tx prostatic neoplasia
palliative
62
type of procedure ovariohystorectomy
clean contaminated
63
ovariohysterectomy define
removal of uterus and ovaries
64
what attaches ovaries to sublumbar muscle
suspensory ligament
65
cats and spaying be aware
- cats in season have friable uterus so clamp will cut it
| - test with clamp near ovary first
66
ligatures 3 types
- circling
- transfixing
- stick ties
67
to find right ovary
elevate descending duodenum
68
to find right broad ligament
- elevate descending duodenum
| - move small intestines and duodenum to lift
69
to find left ovary
lift descending colon
70
to find left broad ligament
just caudal to ovary
71
to find cervical pedicle
lift bladder and reflect caudally
72
caesarian how to
- exteriorise uterus
- pack it off
- incise body of uterus
- clamp of umbilical cord, but if doesnt come easily then dont pull it
73
suture closure of caesaream
- inverting or appositional
| - synthetic absorbable monofilament like monocryl
74
open castration define
remove from vaginal tunic and do not repair
75
closed castration define
no removal from vaginal tunic
76
define scrotal ablation
remove testes with scrotum
77
progesterone sponges how work
- put in for 10-12 days
- suppress LH pulses
- when take out LH pulses increase
- can give eCG on removal
78
puberty cow
7-18 months
79
puberty ewe
5-7 months
80
pberty sow
6-8 months
81
inducing puberty in gilts
at 6-7 months or at 100kg body weight give PG600
82
ovine FSH will cause
superovulation in sheepp
83
flushing define repro
increasing plane of nutrition 3-4 weeks pre mating to increase follicle recruitment
84
high progesterone and ovulation
does not allow ovulation
85
progesterone with PGF2alpha causes
extension of luteal phase
86
PGF2alpha causes
lysis of corpus leuteum
87
ruminants signal of implantation
interferon tau
88
pig signal maternal recognition
oestrogen
89
proestrus what hormone is dominant
oestrogen
90
oestrus what hormone dominant
oestrogen
91
metoestrus what hormone dominant
transitional
92
dioestrus what hormone dominant
progesterone
93
bitch what kind of breeder
- monoestrus
- non seasonal
- spontaneous breeder
94
queen what kind of breeder
- seasonally polyestrous
| - induced ovulator
95
strange about bitches ovulation
first meiosis not complete when ovulates
96
horse what day length breeder
long day
97
sheep what day length breeder
short day
98
bitch proestrus lasts
9 days
99
bitch oestrus lasts
9 days
100
pregnancy bitch lasts
60 days
101
bitch anoestrus lasts
90 days
102
where relaxin come from
placenta
103
relaxin causes
prolactin and progesterone release
104
how to stop oestrus in queen and bitch (2)
- synthetic progestagen - proligestone
| - testosterone
105
how long luteal phase last unconceived queen
45 days
106
how long luteal phase last pregnant queens
65 days
