diseases of pregnancy Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
define embryo
A
from when long axis develops to organogenesis
2
Q
define foetus
A
from when organogenesis starts
3
Q
define abortion
A
premature expulsion of foetus from uterus
4
Q
which 4 species have a corpus leuteum throughout pregnancy
A
- cow
- goat
- dog
- pig
5
Q
foetal death foetus can be (3)
A
- aborted
- still birth
- retained
6
Q
retained foetuses can undergo (3)
A
- maceration
- mummification
- emphysema
7
Q
define mummification (3)
A
- sterile
- all fluid are reabsorbed from foetus
- needs foetus skin to be developed enough to withstand autolysis
8
Q
define maceration (3)
A
- bacterial infection causes liquefaction of foetus
- just bones left
- foetid odour
9
Q
maceration complications
A
bones may damage uterine wall
10
Q
foetal emphysema define (2)
A
- involves gas producing bacteria
- foetus putrefied and distended with foul smelling gas
11
Q
3 main pathogens sheep abortion
A
- toxoplasma
- chlamydophila
- campylobacter
12
Q
7 non-infectious causes of abortion
A
- dystocia
- twinning in mares
- umbilical cord anomalies
- placental insufficiencies
- stress
- nutritional
- husbandry
13
Q
big cause of abortion in cattle
A
neospora caninum
14
Q
toxoplasma gondii importance
A
zoonotic
15
Q
toxoplasma gondii causes
A
toxoplasmosis
16
Q
toxoplasma gondii appearance
A
strawberry pip appearance of cotyledons of multifocal necrosis
17
Q
chlamydophila abortus causes
A
enzootic abortion
18
Q
enzootic abortion appearance
A
thick oedementous intercotyledonary tissue of placenta covered with exudate
19
Q
salmonellosis abortion diagnosis
A
foetal stomach contents culture
20
Q
campylobacter foetus and abortion causes
A
multifoocal necrotising hepatitis
21
Q
leptospira sp causes abortion in species
A
- horse
- cattle
- pigs
- sheep
22
Q
oestrus and WBC
A
upregulates lymphocytes
23
Q
true hermaphrodite has
A
both gonadal organs either 1 each or mushed into an ovariteste
24
Q
pseudohermaphrodite have
A
only 1 set of gonads but does not match the system
25
4 types ovarian neoplasia
- secondary
- germ cell
- gonadal stromal
- epithelial
26
2 germ cell neoplasms
- dysgerminoma
| - teratoma
27
2 epithelial neoplasias
- cystadenoma
| - cystcarcinoma
28
appearance granulosatheca cell tumours
smooth surface with solid or cystic cut surface
29
appearance epithelial neoplasias
shaggy surface
30
define hydrosalphinx
fallopian tube filled with fluid
31
uterine prolapse and call out
emergency as can result in tissue death
32
oestrogen primed uterus predisposed to
growth disturbances
33
define endometritis
infection limited to uterine mucosa
34
metritis define
infection of all layers of uterus
35
metritis causes (3)
- haemorrhages
- thickened oedementous friable uterine wall
- yellowish dark red exudate with foul odour
36
leptospira sp appearance
- placental oedema
- subacute interstitial nephritis
- subacute necrotising hepatitis
37
leptospira sp and improtance
zoonotic
38
listerial abortion causes
- necrotising suppurative placentitis
| - necrotising hepatitis
39
mycotic abortion cattle main cause
aspergillus fumigatus
40
appearance aspergillus fumigatus abortion
- thickened leathery placenta with exudate
| - elevated greyish plaques on foetal skin and eyelid
41
pestivirus causes (4)
- persistant infection
- foetal death
- malformation
- cerebellar hypoplasia
42
define SMEDI
still born, mummification, embryonic death, infertility
43
most likely cause of SMEDI
parvovirus
44
maintenance requirement cow energy
72 MJ/day
45
full term foetus cow energy requirements
35 MJ/day
46
main source of energy for cows
cereals
47
too much cereal cow causes
acidosis
48
voluntary feed intake define
how much cow will eat
49
fat cows appetite
decreased
50
cow appetite around calving
decreased
51
dry matter intake calculation for milk producing cow
2.5% body weight + 10% milk yield
52
sheep gestation length
144 days
53
pregnancy toxaemia sheep define
have twins or triplets buut dont eat enough so have -ve energy balance
54
tx pregnancy toxaemia sheep
- induce abortion
| - feed high energy glucose i/v
55
when cows usually get pregnancy toxaemia
late lactation with low BCS
56
fatty liver disease cow define
fat is metabolised around calving and stores in the liver
57
fat cow syndrone define
more extreme fatty liver syndrome, liver stops functioning due to fat deposition
58
fat cow syndrome causes (6)
- immunosuppression
- retained foetal membranes
- endometritis
- infertility
- ketosis
- mastitis
59
3 causes fat cow syndrome
- if fat when calving
- trying to lose weight over dry period
- sudden change in diet near to calving
60
management of fat cow near calving
- try to encourage eating
| - don't lose weight until during lactation
61
3 ways virus can cause reproductive failure
- viral replication in foetal tissues causing deformities or death
- virus damages placental blood supply
- pyrexia or stress
62
EHV1 appearance aborted foetus
- lung oedema
- focal necrosis in lungs liver and spleen
- possible meconium staining around bum due to foetal stress
63
prevent EHV1 abortion
isolate mare in last trimester
64
bovine viral diarrhoea virus is (type)
pestivirus
65
3 modes of transmission BVDV
- faecal oral
- respiratory secretions
- in semen
66
where BVDV replicates
- respiratory tract
| - enteric tract
67
infection of BVDV before day 100 of pregnancy
- mummification
| - abortion
68
BVDV infection between 100 - 150 days pregnancy
congenital damage
69
BVDV infect before day 125 pregancy
persistently infected calf
70
PRRS vaccine
reduces clinical signs
71
transmission porcine parvovirus
faecal oral
72
porcine parvovirus infection before day 30 of gestation
early embryonic death and reabsorption
73
porcine parvovirus over day 70 gestation
foetal death less frequent due to foetal immune system
74
porcine parvovirus vaccine
v effective
75
porcine circovirus associated with
post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
76
porcine circovirus causes
granulomatous interstitial pneumonia
77
swine influenza caused by
- H1N1
| - H3N2
78
swine influenza causes abortion how
by pyrexia
79
classical swine fever caused by
pestivirus
80
classical swine fever imporatnace
notifiable
81
classical swine fever infects what cells
endothelial cells
82
classical swine fever causes (4)
- vomiting
- diarrhoea
- haemorrhage
- abortion
83
african swine fever importance
notifiable
84
feline parvovirus early pregnancy
reproductive failure
85
feline parvovirus late pregnancy
cerebellar hypoplasia
86
feline parvovirus and environment
can live for long time so wait a year before getting another cat
87
4 methods for pregnancy diagnosis
- non return to oestrus
- measurment of hormones
- detection of gravid uterus
- identification of gross or microscopic changes to genital system in lab
88
in cow embryo produce what from day 13
interferon tau
89
when can ultrasound detect pregnancy in cows
day 30
90
palpable changes in uterus due to pregnancy
1 horn bigger than other with thinner wall
91
define membrane slip PD
pinch horn and let slip through fingers should feel chorioallantois
92
time at which you can detect membrane slip cow
day 33
93
cons of membrane slip
can cause abortion if clumsy
94
feel placentomes from day cow
80
95
when in cow does middle uterine artery enlarge
85
96
define fremitus PD
middle uterine artery has increased blood flow and turbulence causeing vibration or fluid thrill due to pregnancy
97
what seen in milk from day 105 of cow pregnancy
oestrone sulphate
98
palpate foetus at day cow
120
99
day 21 can measure what in milk of pregnant cow
high milk progesterone
100
biggest cause cattle abortion
leptospira
101
leptospirosis and importance
zoonotic
102
brucella abortus cattle and importance (2)
- largely eradicated in UK
| - zoonotic
103
brucella abortus steps of infection
phagocytosis at mucous membranes --> migration via lymphatics to blood --> localises in lymphatics, liver and spleen --> goes to placenta causing placentitis and abortion
104
mycotic abortion cattle often due to
aspergillosis spp
105
cause of bovine infectious infertility
campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis
106
campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis causes
cattarral inflammation of genital tract, endometritis and inflammation.. killing the embryo
107
campylobacter foetus subsp veneralis lives in bull where
mucous membranes and prepuce of mature bull
108
2 causes of abortion in sheep
- chlamydophila abortus
| - campylobacter fetus subsp fetus
