endocrinology of reproduction

Question 1

how to sex rabbits

Answer 1

• male urogenital distance is longer

- female has bigger scruff (dulap)

Question 2

rabbit uterus is

Answer 2

• duplex

Question 3

4 types of uterus

Answer 3

• duplex
• bicornulate
• bipartate
• simplex

Question 4

duplex uterus appearance

Answer 4

2 cervixes with a uterus each

Question 5

bipartate uterus appearance

Answer 5

partitian in body of uterus

Question 6

bicorulate uterus appearance

Answer 6

no partuition in uterus body

Question 7

simplex uterus appearance

Answer 7

total fusion of cervix and uterus

Question 8

guinea pig sex glands

Answer 8

large seminal vesicles

Question 9

rat mammary tumours are mostly

Answer 9

benign

Question 10

mice mammary tumours mostly

Answer 10

malignant

Question 11

5 rat mammary glands

Answer 11

• cervical
• thoracic
• abdominal
• inguinal
• preputial

Question 12

post partum oestrus rabbit when

Answer 12

28-33 days

Question 13

rabbit common uterine tumour

Answer 13

uterine adenocarcinoma

Question 14

presentation rabbit uterine adenocarcinoma (3)

Answer 14

• weight loss
• vulval discharge
• haematuria

Question 15

female ferets if not mated once a year get

Answer 15

oestrogen toxicity as they are induced ovulators

Question 16

oestrogen toxicity in ferrets causes

Answer 16

severe anaemia

Question 17

male exam of repro tract when

Answer 17

6-8 weeks pre mating

Question 18

testes smaller in size than normal can indicate (2)

Answer 18

• past lameness

- past illness

Question 19

scrotal circumference bull and ram

Answer 19

34cm

Question 20

testicular tone should feel like

Answer 20

flexed bicep

Question 21

tesicular tone bull all year

Answer 21

firm all year

Question 22

testicular tone ram all year

Answer 22

only firm in breeding season

Question 23

to asses mating ability look at (2)

Answer 23

• ability to mount

- penile abnormalities

Question 24

how to libido test

Answer 24

count how many times it mates in 20 minutes

Question 25

cats mammary neoplasia likely to be

Answer 25

malignant

Question 26

common sites metastasis mammary neoplasia (6)

Answer 26

- lymph nodes - lung - heart - bones - liver - kidney

Question 27

when spay bitch to have protective effect against mammary tumour

Answer 27

before 3rd season

Question 28

when spay queen to have protective effect against mammary tumour

Answer 28

before it turns 1

Question 29

inflammatory carcinoma appearance mammary (4)

Answer 29

- diffuse swelling over mammary glands - massive oedema - erythema - pain in multiple glands

Question 30

define galactostasis

Answer 30

accumulation and stasis of milk in mammary gland

Question 31

appearance galactostasis

Answer 31

- glands are swollen, warm, firm and painful | - secretions are not infected

Question 32

define glactorrhea

Answer 32

lactation that is not associated with pregnancy or partuition

Question 33

how galactorrhea starts

Answer 33

increased prolactin secretion stimulated by falling progesterone levels in late dioestrus

Question 34

tx galactorrhea

Answer 34

- usually self limiting | - can withhold food for 24 hours then gradually return to normal

Question 35

mammary hyperplasia cats

Answer 35

rapid abnormal growth of mammary tissue commonly seen in young entire cats 2-4 weeks after oestrus

Question 36

tx mammary hyperplasia cats

Answer 36

will resolve when progesterone levels fall

Question 37

mammary gland type dog and cat (3)

Answer 37

compound tubular apocrine gland

Question 38

define lumpectomy

Answer 38

removal of mass with a margin of normal tissue

Question 39

indications mammary tumour lumpectomy (4)

Answer 39

- mass is small - encapsulated - non-invasive - at periphery of gland

Question 40

mammary gland lumpectomy cons

Answer 40

get leakage of lymph and milk causing post op inflammation

Question 41

define simple mastectomy

Answer 41

removal of entire gland containing tumour with 2cm margins

Question 42

simply mastectomy indications (3)

Answer 42

- when tumour is over 1cm - in centre of gland - involving majority of gland

Question 43

simple mastectomy pros

Answer 43

less milk leakage

Question 44

regional mastectomy define

Answer 44

remove involved and adjacent glands with 2cm margin

Question 45

regional mastectomy indications

Answer 45

when multiple tumours are in adjacent glands | - mass is in between two glands

Question 46

2 caudal glands excised with what in regional mastectomy

Answer 46

inguinal lymph node

Question 47

axillary lymph node and cranial mammary glands mastectomy

Answer 47

axillary lymph node not removed

Question 48

hindlimb oedema after caudal mammary gland removal why

Answer 48

due to disruption in lymph drainage from the limb | will resolve by itself