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Master PA Deck > CM: Derm - Skin (Systemic and fungal) Infections > Flashcards

CM: Derm - Skin (Systemic and fungal) Infections Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Roseola (Other names)

A

Exanthem subitum or sixth disease

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2
Q

Roseola (cause)

A

Human herpesvirus (HHV-6)

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3
Q

Roseola (symptoms)

A

Sudden high fever lasting 3-5 days followed by an erythematous (morbilliform) maculopapular rash that begins on the trunk and spreads to the neck and legs lasting hours to days. No other symptoms.

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4
Q

Roseola (population)

A

Children 6 months to 4 years, most commonly under age 2 years

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5
Q

Rubeola (other names)

A

Measles

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6
Q

Rubeola (symptoms)

A

Fever accompanied cough, coryza (stuffy nose), conjunctivitis followed by a maculopapular rash that begins on the head and spreads to the trunk and extremities. May experience extreme lethargy, weakness, decreased appetite, difficulty breathing, and periocular edema.

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7
Q

Rubeola (unique characteristics)

A
  1. Koplik spots 2. Rash begins at hairline/ears and spreads head to toe 3. Rash leaves faint-brown stain after fading around day 6
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8
Q

Koplik spots

A

2 to 3 mm gray-white raised lesions on erythematous base of the buccal mucosa

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9
Q

Rubeola (communicated)

A

Airborne, often inhaled

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10
Q

Varicella (other names)

A

Chickenpox, shingles

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11
Q

Varicella (cause)

A

varicella-zoster virus (VZV) (HHV-3)

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12
Q

Varicella (shingles development)

A

Virus remains dormant in basal root ganglia until activated during a period of immunosuppression. Presents as neuropathic pain then rash that follows dermatomal patterns.

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13
Q

Varicella (rash cycle)

A

Rash evolves from papular (hard to see) to vesicular. Vesicles only last 4-6 hours before becoming pustular and rupturing to form a crust. Crust disappears in about 2 weeks.

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14
Q

Varicella (shingles unique characteristics)

A

Rash follows dermatomal lines (likely one sided)

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15
Q

Varicella (symptoms)

A

Fever, rash, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, itching, sore throat

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16
Q

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (cause)

A

Coxsakievirus A16

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17
Q

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (communication)

A

Direct contact with body fluid (virus contained in saliva, tears and blister fluid)

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18
Q

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (Treatment)

A

Only supportive care

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19
Q

Varicella (Treatment)

A

Anti-viral medication, supportive care

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20
Q

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (symptoms)

A

Rash with vesicle lesions in the mouth (on the tongue and anywhere in the oral mucosa), palms of hands and feet Pain in lesions with older patients

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21
Q

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (immunity)

A

Immunity is developed with first exposure, will not reoccur

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22
Q

Fifth’s Disease (Name)

A

Erythema infectiosum, slapped-cheek disease

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23
Q

Fifth’s Disease (cause)

A

Parvovirus B19

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24
Q

Fifth’s Disease (population)

A

predominantly children 5-15 years old during winter and spring

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25
Fifth's Disease (transmission)
Respiratory secretions
26
Fifth's Disease (symptoms)
Fever, respiratory symptoms and rash with "slapped cheek" appearance (fiery red maculopapular rash). Lesions will be warm and sometimes pruritic. Lesions will appear of extensor surface of extremities in 1-2 days and will involve the trunk, neck and buttocks. Palms/soles will be spared rash.
27
Fifth's Disease (unique characteristics)
Extremely dangerous to pregnant women; can cause fetus to develop hemolytic anemia
28
Fifth's Disease (complications)
Can cause the development of hemolytic anemia in children and fetuses Can cause development of arthritis in adults
29
Fifth's Disease (immunity)
Immunity is developed with first exposure, will not reoccur
30
Fifth's Disease (diagnosis)
Elevated IgM anti-parvovirus antibody
31
Impetigo (causes)
Staph. aureus or group A Strep. pyogenes
32
Impetigo (treatment)
systemic antibiotics and topical antibiotics, gentle debridement of crusts using antibacterial soap and HOT water
33
Impetigo (symptoms)
Honey colored crust, little to no pain
34
Erysipelas (other names)
St. Anthony's fire
35
Erysipelas (cause)
Strep. A
36
Erysipelas (treatment)
Often need admission and IV antibiotics
37
Erysipelas (symptoms)
Edema, induration (palpable swelling), erythematic (looks like a burn), no distinct edges, enlarged lymph node
38
Erythrasma (cause)
Corynebacterium species
39
Erythrasma (diagnosis)
Coral-red fluorescence under Wood's Lamp
40
Erythrasma (symptoms)
well-demarcated light brown to red-pigmented patch in hair-bearing or intertriginous areas
41
Erythrasma (treatment)
topical antibiotic (most common: clindamycin)
42
Lyme Disease (cause)
Borrelia burdorferi (spirochete)
43
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (cause)
Rickettsia rickettsii (Gram negative, coccobacilli/short bacilli)
44
Lyme Disease (cause host)
White-tailed deer host the adult tick, white footed mouse host larval and nymph stage
45
Lyme Disease (disease cycle)
Tick injects spirochetes into bloodstream. 3-32 days after tick bite, spirochetes replicate and migrate outward to skin, gives the erythema migrans "look" (targetoid rings)
46
Lyme Disease (unique characteristics)
erythematous nodule with marked inflammation and a punctate center (targetoid lesion)
47
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (symptoms)
Triad: tick bite, fever, rash (very uncommon)
48
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (rash cycle)
small pink macules that blanch - deep red papules that do not blanch - hemorrhagic papules/macules
49
EM
Erythema multiforme (bacterial)
50
TENS
Toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (bacterial)
51
SJS
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (bacterial)
52
SSSS
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (bacterial)
53
SSSS (unique characteristic)
Never involves the mucous membranes
54
EM (complications)
Can develop into TENS/SJS at any time
55
EM (Cause)
Drugs or viruses but can also be idiopathic
56
SJS (Rash cycle)
Starts with vesicles that look like target lesions but crust in the center. Before lesions progress, a very small vesicle forms then the fluid of vesicle will rupture and form a crust. During this time, the patient will complain of their skin hurting.
57
SJS (Treatment)
Lamictal or Bactrim
58
TENS (Unique characteristics)
More severe form of SJS that is classified by amout of body surface involvement 90% mortality rate
59
TENS (symptoms)
Niklosky sign, desquamation of skin
60
Niklosky sign
Skin finding in which the top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when rubbed
61
SSSS (cause)
Staph. aureus
62
SSSS (disease cycle)
Staph. aureus produces an exfoliative exotoxin (Exotoxin A&B). The serine proteases bind to the cell adhesion molecules and causes epidermolysis at the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum junction.
63
SSSS (population)
Newborns to 2-6 years (common in neonatal period)
64
Tinea Corporis (cause)
overgrowth of fungi that thrive on skin keratinocytes located on body
65
Tinea Cruris (other names)
Jock itch
66
Tinea Capitis (symptoms)
itchy scalp with patchy hair loss (though hair loss not required)
67
Tinea capitis (diagnosis)
pull hair from the center of the area of alopecia and lay hair in culture medium. The bulb of the hair contains greatest fungal yield
68
Tinea pedis (other names)
athlete's foot
69
Tinea pedis (three types)
1. Plantar mocassin type 2. Interdigital type 3. Vesiculobullis type
70
Tinea pedis (Vesiculobullis characteristics)
Most rare, secondary to aggressive T cell response to fungal elements, blisters and bullae
71
Tinea pedis (Interdigital characteristics)
Most common between D4 and D5. If maceration is present, likely fungal infection even if other symptoms are missing.
72
Tinea Manuum (other names)
two foot one hand disease
73
Tinea Manuum (symptoms)
rash uniformly on one hand (and commonly on feet, particularly between toes and on soles)
74
Tinea versicolor (other names)
pityriasis versicolor
75
Tinea versicolor (cause)
Malassezia furfur (normal flora that overgrows) interferes with melanocyte function due to overreaction of immune system
76
Tinea versicolor (symptoms)
hypopigmented oval patches located on the chest, neck and back
77
Tinea versicolor (treatment)
UV light (improves pigmentation)
78
Tinea versicolor (diagnosis)
KOH (sodium hydroxide test) will appear as broad hyphae with budding clusters of cells
79
Tinea versicolor (unique characteristics)
"spaghetti and meatballs" appearance on KOH
80
Candidiasis (other names)
Monilia
81
Candidiasis (cause)
overgrowth of normal yeast (commonly Candida Albicans) flora
82
Candidiasis (symptoms)
Beefy red rash with multiple satellite regions commonly in the groin, axilla, underneath breasts and between abdominal flaps
83
Candidiasis (diagnosis)
KOH shows pseudo hyphae fee with budding spores
84
Onychomycosis (cause)
Fungal elements invade keratin of nail itself and remains there
85
Tinea capitis (treatment)
Must be treated with oral anti-fungal medication
86
Onychomycosis (unique characteristics)
If infecting fingernails, generally involves all ten. If infecting foot, can involve just one or two.
87
Onychomycosis (treatment)
Topical antifungal; if in the foot, treat tinea pedis first then onychomycosis
88
Roseola
89
Varicella
90
Rubeola
91
Koplik Spots
92
Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
93
Toxic Epidural Neurolysis
94
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
95
Lyme Disease
96
Impetigo
97
Candidiasis
98
Erythema Multiforme
99
Erysipelas
100
Erythasma
101
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
102
Fifth's Disease

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