Hematology

Question 1

WBC

Answer 1

4,000-10,000/microL

Question 2

Hemoglobin (male)

Answer 2

14-18 mg/dL

Question 3

Hemoglobin (female)

Answer 3

12-16 mg/dL

Question 4

Hemacrit (male)

Answer 4

42-52%

Question 5

Hemacrit (female)

Answer 5

37-47%

Question 6

MCV

Answer 6

80-96 fl

Question 7

MCH

Answer 7

28-32 pg

Question 8

MCHC

Answer 8

32-36%

Question 9

Platelets

Answer 9

150,000-450,000

Question 10

ANC

Answer 10

1.5-8.0

Question 11

Neutrophils

Answer 11

Relative normal: 54-62%

Absolute normal: 2000-8000

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

Relative normal: 23-33%

Absolute normal: 1000-4000

Question 13

Monocytes

Answer 13

Relative normal: 3-7%

Absolute normal: 200-800

Question 14

Eosinophils

Answer 14

Relative normal: 1-3%

Absolute normal: 100-400

Question 15

Basophils

Answer 15

Relative normal: 0-1%

Absolute normal: 0-400

Question 16

Macrocytic anemias

Answer 16

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Folate deficiency

Question 17

Megaloblastic anemia

Answer 17

Macrocytic with arrested nuclear development

Question 18

Microcytic anemia

Answer 18

Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemia
Anemia of chronic disease

Question 19

Red blood cell maturation

Answer 19

Proerythroblast
Basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatic erythroblast
Orthochromatic erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Mature RBC

Question 20

WBC Maturation

Answer 20

Blast
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Band
Neutrophil

Question 21

Innate immune cells

Answer 21

Neutrophils
mast cells
monocytes
basophils
eosinophils

Question 22

Adaptive immune cells

Answer 22

Natural killer cells
T-cells
B-cells (plasma cells)

Question 23

Platelet maturation

Answer 23

Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocyte (stage I-IV)
Platelets

Question 24

T-cell receptor

Answer 24

Recognizes properly presented peptide antigens from pathogens

Question 25

CD4

Answer 25

(T-Helper Cells) Recognize MHC-II Trigger an immune response

Question 26

CD8

Answer 26

(Cytotoxic T-Cells) Recognize MHC I Destroy cell displaying MHC I

Question 27

CD28

Answer 27

Co-stimulator that binds to a protein called B7 found on antigen presenting cells Required for full activation of T-helper cell

Question 28

B7

Answer 28

Protein found on antigen presenting cells Modulates T-helper cell response, as the infection develops, the amount of B7 expressed by APCs increases

Question 29

CTLA4/PD-1

Answer 29

Bind to B7 and prevent CD28 from binding. When present in high levels, such as on T-regs, it will up B7 and prevent a T-cell from having a full response.

Question 30

IgA

Answer 30

Glandular secretions (saliva, breast milk, semen, tears) Destroy pathogen before it can get into internal tissues

Question 31

IgE

Answer 31

Exposed on the surface of basophils and mast cells Connected to allergies and asthma Often involve a histamine release Very good against parasitic worms

Question 32

IgG

Answer 32

Responsible for resistance to bacteria, virus and bacterial toxins

Question 33

IgM

Answer 33

The first type of antibody secreted after exposure to antigen. Responsible for the anti-A and anti-B antibodies involved in blood type Made by early B cells

Question 34

IgD

Answer 34

Located on the surface of B cells Can bind to antigens in the extracellular fluid Binding can play a role in the sensitization of the B cell

Question 35

Required for full T-helper cell activation

Answer 35

APC presents MHC-II with an antigen peptide to CD4 APCs has B7 that binds to T-helper cell's CD28

Question 36

Full T-cell activation triggers

Answer 36

Release of cytokines Chemotaxis of B-cells and antibodies Promotion of inflammation Promotion of macrophages

Question 37

Antigen presenting cells

Answer 37

Dendritic cells, macrophages, B-cells

Question 38

Hematopoiesis (first location and time frame)

Answer 38

Yolk sac | Dominant from conception to 12 weeks fetal

Question 39

Hematopoiesis (Second location and time frame)

Answer 39

Liver and Spleen | Dominant 12-20 weeks fetal

Question 40

Hematopoiesis (Third location and time frame)

Answer 40

Bone marrow Dominant by 20 weeks fetal then throughout life Long bones in children Flat bones in adult