CNS

Question 1

Functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 1

• sensory and motor innervation
• two way conduction pathway between body and brain
• major center for reflexes

Question 2

Location of the spinal cord?

Answer 2

• runs through vertebral canal

- extends from magnum foramen to L1-L2

Question 3

What makes up the grey matter? What are the divisions?

Answer 3

• neuron cell bodies, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons

- somatic sensory, visceral sensory, visceral motor, somatic motor

Question 4

What makes up white matter? Function?

Answer 4

myelinated axons

-allows communication between spinal cord and brain

Question 5

Layers of meninges?

Answer 5

Dura mater- surrounds spinal cord (outermost)
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 6

Functions of the brain?

Answer 6

• intelligence
• consciousness
• memory
• sensory-motor integration

Question 7

What is the home of our conscious mind?

Answer 7

cerebral cortex

Question 8

Our cerebral cortex enables us to….

Answer 8

• be aware of ourselves and our sensations
• initiate and control voluntary movements
• communicate, remember, and understand

Question 9

Transverse fissure of the cerebrum vs longitudinal fissure?

Answer 9

TF- separates cerebrum and cerebellum

LF- separates hemispheres

Question 10

Lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 10

frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal

Question 11

Primary motor cortex (postcentral gyrus) of the cerebrum is involved with conscious awareness of ____________

Answer 11

general somatic senses
-touch, pain, pressure, temp, proprioception

-involves with spatial discrimination to precisely locate stimulus

Question 12

Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus) is involved with controlling ___________

Answer 12

somatic motor functions

-voluntary movements of body

Question 13

Sensory homunculus

Answer 13

amount of somatosensory cortex devoted to a body region is related to the sensitivity of that region

Question 14

Somatosensory association cortex function

Answer 14

integrates sensory inputs into comprehensive understanding of what is being felt
-draws upon stored memories of past experiences

Question 15

______ and ______ are the most sensitive body parts and largest parts of the sensory homunculus

Answer 15

lips and finger tips

Question 16

Motor homunculus

Answer 16

amount of motor cortex devoted to a body region is related to the ability for precise and skilled movements

Question 17

Premotor cortex function

Answer 17

plans and coordinated complex movements to relay to primary motor cortex
-visual, auditory, general somatic sensory info

Question 18

Aphasia

Answer 18

damage to the left side of cerebrum leads to inability to use/ comprehend words

Question 19

What happens when you damage the right side of the cerebrum?

Answer 19

you produce speech with little emotional inflection

Question 20

What 3 structures make up the diencephalon?

Answer 20

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

Question 21

Role of the thalamus

Answer 21

to act as a relay station for incoming sensory message

Question 22

_______ impulses converge on the thalamus

Answer 22

afferent

Question 23

Every part of the brain communication with the cerebral cortex relays signals through __________

Answer 23

thalamus

Question 24

What is the main visceral control centre of the body?

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

Functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 25

- control ANS and emotional responses - regulate temp, hunger, and thirst - regulate sleep cycles - control endocrine system - formation of memory

Question 26

Fever

Answer 26

- body temp increases in response to infection - body's perception of hypothermia - hypothalamus sends signal to warm up

Question 27

Body changes caused by a fever

Answer 27

- blood vessels constrict - muscle tone increases - heart rate increases

Question 28

Role of the epithalamus

Answer 28

includes pineal gland - secretes melatonin - under influence of hyopthalamus

Question 29

Sleep: children vs teenagers

Answer 29

children- melatonin levels rise early in the evening making them tired at night teenagers- levels rise much later at night making it harder to fall asleep

Question 30

What structures make up the brainstem?

Answer 30

medulla oblongata pons midbrain

Question 31

Main function of the brain stem

Answer 31

produces automatic behaviours responsible for survival

Question 32

What centers does the medulla oblongata house?

Answer 32

contains cardiac, vasomotor and respiratory centers

Question 33

Role of the pons

Answer 33

coordinated voluntary movements | -bridge between brainstem and cerebellum

Question 34

Role of midbrain

Answer 34

relay info from cerebrum to spinal cord | -integrates auditory and visual reflexes

Question 35

Functions of the cerebellum

Answer 35

smooths and coordinated body movement and maintains posture - equilibrium - proprioceptors - primary motor cortex higher cognitive functions -muscle memory

Question 36

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

Answer 36

ependymal cells

Question 37

Functions of CSF

Answer 37

- nourish brain and spinal cord - removes waste produced by neurons - carries chem signals between CNS

Question 38

Where is CSF formed?

Answer 38

choroid plexuses in the ventricles