CV- Blood Vessels

Question 1

Arteries carry blood ____ the heart

Answer 1

away from

Question 2

Veins carry blood______ the heart

Answer 2

towards

Question 3

Layers of blood vessels

Answer 3

Tunica interna (intima)
-simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)

Tunica media
-smooth muscle, elastic connective tissue

Tunica externa
-connective tissue, collagen

Question 4

What is the vasa vasorum?

Answer 4

vessels of vessels (tunica externa)

• blood vessels located on the outside of arteries
• nourish outer region of large vessels
• inner half of large vessels receive nutrients from luminal blood

Question 5

Types of arteries?

Answer 5

• elastic (conducting)
• muscular (distributing)
• arterioles

Question 6

Purpose of elastic (conducting arteries)?

Answer 6

its high elastin content dampens surge of blood pressure

Question 7

Location of muscular (distributing) arteries? Features?

Answer 7

-lie distal to elastic arteries

• thick tunica media
• internal and external elastic laminae

Question 8

Diameter of arterioles controlled by:

Answer 8

• local factors in the tissues

- sympathetic nervous system

Question 9

Purpose of capillaries?

Answer 9

deliver O2 and nutrients, remove CO2 and waste

Question 10

Function of lung capillaries?

Answer 10

O2 enters blood, CO2 leaves

Question 11

Function of small intestine capillaries?

Answer 11

receive digested nutrients

Question 12

Function of endocrine gland capillaries?

Answer 12

pick up hormones

Question 13

Function of kidney capillaries?

Answer 13

removal of nitrogenous waste

Question 14

Where is microcirculation found?

Answer 14

muscles, skin, liver, kidneys, intestines, heart, lung, brain

Question 15

Which tissues do not have a rich capillary supply?

Answer 15

tendons and ligaments

epithelia and cartilage

Question 16

4 routes into and out of capillaries?

Answer 16

Direct diffusion- O2 and CO2
Intercellular clefts- small molecules
Vesicles- gases, nutrients, waste
Fenestrations- H2O

Question 17

Types of capillaries?

Answer 17

Continuous- no pores
Fenestrated- pores
Sinusoid- wide and leaky

Question 18

Where are continuous capillaries located? Fenestrated? Sinusoid?

Answer 18

• brain, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, lungs, skin
• kidneys, SI, synovial membrane
• bone marrow and spleen

Question 19

Why does blood flow occur slowly in sinusoid capillaries?

Answer 19

there needs to be lots of time for exchange of large materials

Question 20

What type of capillaries make up the blood brain barrier?

Answer 20

continuous

-only vital molecules pass

Question 21

What is the blood brain barrier not a barrier against?

Answer 21

O2, CO2, some anesthetics

Question 22

_____ ______ is the thickest in veins

Answer 22

tunica externa

Question 23

Blood pressure is ______ in veins than in arteries

Answer 23

lower

Question 24

_____ is larger in veins than arteries

Answer 24

lumen

Question 25

Mechanisms to counteract low venous pressure

Answer 25

valves skeletal muscle pump breathing

Question 26

What are varicose veins?

Answer 26

twisted, dilated superficial veins | -valves weaken and fail causing blood to pool and slow drainage

Question 27

Varicose veins occur in which type of individual?

Answer 27

those whose jobs require prolonged standing, pregnant women

Question 28

Where are vascular anastomoses found?

Answer 28

around joints in the brain around the heart

Question 29

How is a knee dislocation repaired?

Answer 29

using the saphenous vein from the other limb, it replaces the popliteal artery to supply blood to the leg

Question 30

What is a portal vein?

Answer 30

A vein that carrier blood from one capillary network to another

Question 31

Hepatic portal vein delivers blood and digested nutrients to the _______

Answer 31

sinusoids of the liver for processing and storage

Question 32

What are the veins of the hepatic portal system?

Answer 32

- superior mesenteric vein - splenic vein - inferior mesenteric vein - hepatic portal vein