CV- Blood & Heart

Question 1

Subdivisions of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

CV system- blood, heart, blood vessels

Lymphatic system- vessels that return tissue fluid back to the blood

Question 2

Functions of blood?

Answer 2

Transportation- carries respiratory gases, nutrients, hormones
Regulation- regulate temp
Protection- against disease and excessive blood loss

Question 3

How many litres of blood is in males and females?

Answer 3

5-6L

4-5L

Question 4

Formed elements make up ____% of blood. Fluid portion and fibrogen make up_____%

Answer 4

45%
-99% RBC, 1% WBC

55%

• H2O 90%
• ions, nutrients, proteins

Question 5

RBC live for ______ days

Answer 5

100-120

Question 6

Do RBC have organelles or a nuclei?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

What is blood doping? Why is it dangerous?

Answer 7

injecting RBC before an athletic event to increase bloods ability to deliver O2 to tissues

it is dangerous because it increases the viscosity of blood forcing the heart to work harder

Question 8

Function of WBC?

Answer 8

-protect the body from infectious microorganisms

Question 9

What is diapedesis?

Answer 9

process by which circulating leukocytes (WBC) leave capillaries

Question 10

What are the two groups of leukocytes?

Answer 10

Granulocytes
-neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
(phagocytic, contain cytoplasmic granules)

Agranulocytes
-lymphocytes, monocytes
(lack obvious granules)

Question 11

Most abundant to least abundant leukocytes

Answer 11

NLMEB

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

Question 12

What is pus?

Answer 12

dead neutrophils, tissue debris, dead bacteria

Question 13

Function of neutrophils? Eosinophils? Basophils?

Answer 13

• phagocytize and destroy bacteria
• ending parasitic infections
• secrete histamines to mediate inflammation during allergic reaction

Question 14

Function of lymphocytes? Monocytes?

Answer 14

• fight infectious organisms

- transform into macrophages

Question 15

Function of platelets? Life span?

Answer 15

• clot blood

- 5-9 days

Question 16

What are the two circuits of the heart?

Answer 16

Pulmonary- takes blood to and from the lungs

Systemic- vessels transport blood to and from body tissues

Question 17

Atria and ventricles receive/ pump blood to where?

Answer 17

A- receive blood from pulmonary and systemic circuits

V- send blood to pulmonary and systemic circuits

Question 18

Layers of the heart

Answer 18

Pericardium
-fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium (parietal and visceral)
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 19

Role of fibrous pericardium?

Answer 19

-prevents overstretching, provides protection, anchors heart

Question 20

Systole vs diastole?

Answer 20

• contraction of heart

- filling of heart chamber

Question 21

Average heart rate?

Answer 21

70-80 beats per minute

Question 22

What are heart valves composed of? Purpose?

Answer 22

• endocardium with dense connective tissue
• 2-3 cusps
• enforce one way blood flow

Question 23

What is mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 23

Chordae tendineae allow cusps to flop into left atrium during systole
-backflow of blood

Question 24

What is the basis for rhythmic heartbeat?

Answer 24

inherent autorhythmicity

Question 25

What are anastomoses?

Answer 25

connections between arteries supplying blood to the same region, provide alternate routes if one artery becomes blocked

Question 26

Heart attack vs cardiac arrest?

Answer 26

HA- coronary artery becomes blocked | CA- heart stops pumping blood

Question 27

Where do cardiac veins drain?

Answer 27

into the coronary sinus on posterior surface of heart

Question 28

____ in every ____ newborns has some form of congenital heart defect

Answer 28

1 in every 150

Question 29

When do congenital heart defects occur?

Answer 29

during month 2 of development when heart divides into chambers