CNS

Question 0

Name the ventricles of the brain.

Answer 0

Lateral Ventricle
 - Frontal horn
 - Lateral part
 - Occipital horn
 - Temporal horn
Third Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle

Question 1

What are the layers of the head?

Answer 1

Skin
Periosteum
Bone
Dura Mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater
Grey Matter
White Matter

Question 2

What is the purpose of the choroid plexus?

Answer 2

To generate CSF

Question 3

What are arachnoid granulations?

Answer 3

Absorb CSF into venous system.

Question 4

What are the functions of CSF?

Answer 4

• Cushions the brains
• Prevents pressure on the brain stem by keeping brain floating
• Helps distribute nutrients and wash away waste materials

Question 5

How do you work out cerebral perfusion pressure?

Answer 5

CPP = MAP - ICP

MAP: Mean arterial pressure
ICP: Intracranial pressure

Question 6

What is the normal value for ICP?

Answer 6

5-15 mmHg

Question 7

Define the Monroe Kellie hypothesis.

Answer 7

Due to the skull being a rigid compartment then when compensatory mechanisms are exhausted then an increase in the volume of one of the intracranial components (blood, brain, CSF) must be accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in another component or pressure will rise.

Blood volume increases CSF must be absorbed

Question 8

Define intracranial compliance.

Answer 8

Describes the relationship between changes…

Question 9

What are the symptoms of intracranial hypertension?

Answer 9

Headache
Transient visual obscurations
Pulse synchronous tinnitus
Pain behind the eye
Double vision
Visual loss
Pain with eye movement

Question 10

Define sulci.

Answer 10

Depression or trough found within the brain

Question 11

What are the parts of the brain?

Answer 11

Hind brain
- Medulla
- Cerebellum
- Pons
Mid brain
Fore brain
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon

Question 12

Define gyri

Answer 12

Ridges of the brain

Question 13

What is the medulla?

Answer 13

Homeostatic control - keeps us alive!

Connects the…

Question 14

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 14

Important in coordination and balance

Handles walking and posture

Question 15

What is the role of the pons

Answer 15

Acts as a bridge between cerebellum and cerebrum

Tunes fine movement

Question 16

Name some symptoms that cerebellum damage can lead to?

Answer 16

…

Question 17

What does the mid brain do?

Answer 17

Controls posture and walking as it acts as a conduit between the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

…

Question 18

What are the forebrain divisions?

Answer 18

Telencephalon:
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Limbic system

Diencephalon:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 19

Name the parts of the cerebral cortex.

Answer 19

Motor cortex…

Picture?

Question 20

What is the frontal lobe?

Answer 20

Largest of the four lobes
Associated with language production
Memory and higher cognitive function
Olfactory cortex
Motor cortex

Question 21

What can be found at the central sulcus?

Answer 21

Anterior motor area

Posterior sensory area

Question 22

Which side of the body is controlled by which part of the brain?

Answer 22

Nerves decusate at the spinal cord, therefore each hemisphere controls the otherwise of the body.

Question 23

What is the parietal lobe?

Answer 23

Somatosensory
Spatial processing
Attention span

Question 25

Define Wernicke's aphasia or fluent aphasia.

Answer 25

Where speech has grammatical structure but no meaning

Question 25

Define Broca's aphasia or non fluent aphasia.

Answer 25

Are unable to understand and make grammatically complex sentences. Might make single meaningful words

Question 26

What is Broca & Wernicke area associated with?

Answer 26

Speech & language

Question 27

What conditions can affect the basal ganglia?

Answer 27

Parkinson's Disease - damage to dopaenergic nerve | Psychiatry

Question 28

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 28

Fine tune movement regulation | Skill learning of movement

Question 29

What is glutamine?

Answer 29

Neurotransmitter working on excitatory nerves.

Question 30

Define GABA.

Answer 30

Gama aminobutyric acid | Inhibitory

Question 31

Name some examples of GABA agonists.

Answer 31

Diazepam Palm drugs are GABA agonists

Question 32

What is the Limbic system?

Answer 32

Emotion processing | At the baseis the Amygdala which is involved with fear, socialisation, mating

Question 33

What is the hippocampus?

Answer 33

Involved with short and long term memory and special orientation Located just outside basal ganglia

Question 34

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 34

Major link between left and right hemispheres as it is a bundle of axons which allow communication of neurons across both hemispheres

Question 35

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 35

Interacts with ANS

Question 36

Define fissure.

Answer 36

Fissures are deeper depressions in the brain that separate lobes.

Question 37

What is the occipital lobe associated with?

Answer 37

Vision

Question 38

What is the frontal lobe associated with?

Answer 38

Higher cognition

Question 39

What is the parietal lobe associated with?

Answer 39

Somatosensory

Question 40

What is the temporal lobe associated with?

Answer 40

Auditory

Question 41

What is the cerebellum associated with?

Answer 41

Together with structures in the ear the cerebellum helps in balance; contributing to the process called proprioception

Question 42

What is the thalamus role in the CNS?

Answer 42

Thalamus links sensory and motor neurons between the brain and periphery.

Question 43

What is the hypothalamus role in the CNS?

Answer 43

Hypothalamus links brain to homeostatic control mechanisms

Question 44

What is the right hemisphere associated with?

Answer 44

More involved with synthesis and spatial relationships

Question 45

What is the left hemisphere associated with?

Answer 45

Language & information analysis