CNS infections Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the meninges?
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Name off types of neuroglia (cells) in the CNS
Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia (remove debris)
What are the 3 bacterial organisms that causes meningitis ?
What feature makes these organisms overcome the complement system?
NHS
Neisseria meningitis
Haemophilia Influenza type B
Streptococcus pneumonia
These have a polysaccharide capsule
What is the most common organism that causes neonatal/infant meningitis?
What is the most effective antibiotic type for this organism?
Haemophilia Influenza type B
They are usually b-lactamase positive so b-lactamase inhibitor
What type of bacteria are the 3 causative agents of meningitis?
Neisseria meningitis - gram negative diplococci
Haemophilia Influenza type B - gram positive cocci
Streptococcus pneumonia - gram positive cocci
What is the first line treatment of meningitis in neonates and children?
Neonates (haem. influenza ) - ampicillin cefotaxime
Children ( strep and n. meningiditis) - ceftriaxone
What types of vaccine exist for meningitis?
Vaccines A B C W Y
What is the prophylaxis for the meningococcal disease?
- antibiotic prophylaxis - rifampicin or ciprofloxacin
- vaccine
What is the most common virus that causes meningitis?
Name 2 serotypes of this virus causing meningitis
What is the treatment
Enterovirus
70 different serotypes - Coxsachievirus, Echovirus
Treatment - supportive
What are the causes of meningitis?
Bacterial - NHS
Viral - Enterovirus
TB
What tests would you do to diagnose meningitis?
Lumbar puncture send for:
- glucose
- protein
- Ziehl-Neeson stain
- culture
- lymphocytes/neutrophils
How would a bacterial meningitis present on the Lumbar Puncture?
- high neutrophils
- low glucose
- high protein
What is the most common cause of encephalitis?
Herpes Simplex Virus
Define subacute sclerosing encephalitis
Encephalitis as a complication of the measles virus - often fatal but very rare
What is the brain abscess?
What are the common causes/predisposing factors?
It is a collection of pus as a result of infection nearby
predisposing factors -
- otitis media
- sinusitis
- dental abscess
- trauma
Most common organism - staphylococcus
What is a prion disease?
Also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Prions are small enfolded proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans
Most common human prion disease is Creutzfelt Jacob Disease
What is a Creutzfeldt Jakob disease?
- Is a prion disease caused by an abnormally folded protein
- type of a CNS neurodegenerative disease causing dementia, ataxia
- causes are spontaneous, genetic, iatrogenic (surgical instruments transmission)
Another form is variant CJD - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
How does the majority of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease present?
Psychiatric symptoms
What are the causes of bacterial meningitis in infants?
Group B strep, E.coli and Listeria
