Gastrointestinal Flashcards
(11 cards)
Define dysentry
Inflammation of the colon where blood, pus or mucus are seen in the stool
Describe what is a Toxin ingestion group that causes GI infections.
Give examples of 3 organisms.
This group of organisms lives in food, producing a toxin. It is then ingested into the GI tract.
Examples:
- clostridium perfingens
- staphylococcus aureus
- bacillus cereus
- botanism
Name Bacterial organisms that cause GI infections/diarrhoea.
- salmonella
- shigella
- e.coli
- vibrio cholerae
- campylobacter
What type of bacteria is C.diff?
What is a complication of C.diff infection?
Gram +ve rid, spore forming (difficult to get rid off)
Complication - pseudomembranous colitis (inflammation of the colon)
How would you diagnose C.diff?
What is the treatment?
- it is difficult to grow
- detection of toxin in the faeces
- use Direct Enzyme Immunoassay to look for glutamate dehydrogenase
Treatment
- oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin
What is an H antigen and name a GI bacteria that has it?
H antigen is a flagellum
Salmonella has an H antigen - making it motile
Describe the difference in GI symptoms produced by Shigella and Cholera.
Shigellosis causes dysentry - mucus blood and pus in the stool
Cholera toxin causes secretion of water and electrolytes into the bowel lumen - watery diarrhoea. Die from dehydration
What are the symptoms of Campylobacter enteritis?
Abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea in 50% of cases
What is a complication of the E.coli infective diarrhoea? What does it present with?
Haemolytic Uremin syndrome
- renal failure, anaemia, thrombocytopenia
In what groups within the population are Norovirus and Rotavirus most commonly found?
Norovirus - food borne disease eg shellfish
Rotavirus - <2yo
How do individuals get infected with Q fever?
sheep, cattle and unpasteurised milk
