CNS Stimulants

Question 1

What are stimulants?

Answer 1

Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines.

Question 2

What is the most commonly used substance in the world?

Answer 2

CNS Stimulants

Question 3

What are catecholamines?

Answer 3

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine (main hormones in fight or flight stress response).

Question 4

What are the main effects of stimulants?

Answer 4

increased mental awareness
Excitation
Euphoria
Aphrodisiacal Effects

Question 5

Withdrawal symptoms of stimulants

Answer 5

depression, lethargy, irritability, and poor concentration.

Question 6

Toxicity

Answer 6

The point at which a drug can induce possible lethal effects.

Question 7

What happens in a stimulant overdose?

Answer 7

Overdoses may be fatal due to cardiac failure, seizures, dehydration, or stroke. Cocaine has the strongest toxicity.

Question 8

Amphetamines

Answer 8

Synthetic psychoactive substances including amps and meth. Schedule II drug.

Question 9

Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act (2005)

Answer 9

CMEA, regulates the sale of OTC meds containing ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and pseudoephedrine, and provides regulations addressing the risk of child endangerment associated with the toxic effects of meth reduction.

Question 10

What is the methamphetamine mechanism of action?

Answer 10

Triggers dopamine release and functions as a dopamine look-alike by dysregulating dopamine reuptake and transmission.

Question 11

Akathisia

Answer 11

The inability to remain still

Question 12

Dermatillomania

Answer 12

Skin picking

Question 13

Stimulant Sensitization

Answer 13

When selective events trigger memories associated with initial use of stimulants. Individual exhibits a lower tolerance to the substances’ perceived effects.

Question 14

How long can psychosis from methamphetamines last?

Answer 14

Years

Question 15

What are the toxic effects of methamphetamine?

Answer 15

Hypothermia, increased heart rate, hyperglycemia, and seizures.

Question 16

Cocaine

Answer 16

A highly addictive CNS stimulant derived from coca plant leaves. Schedule II.

Question 17

What is the only means of consuming crack cocaine?

Answer 17

Smoking

Question 18

Where is cocaine metabolized?

Answer 18

In the liver

Question 19

What is the cocaine mechanism of action?

Answer 19

Prevents the reputake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, causing a build up of these hormones in the body.

Question 20

Nicotine

Answer 20

Stimulant drug found in tobacco leaves, can be produced synthetically, can be smoked, sniffed, chewed, or vaporized.

Question 21

Nicotine mechanism of action

Answer 21

Increase in epinephrine (adrenaline) by acting on adrenal glands, resulting in high adrenal cortical hormone levels. Dopamine is also released.

Question 22

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms

Answer 22

headache, irritability, hopelessness, increased appetite, fatigue, cough, inattention, sleep disturbances.

Question 23

How many mg of caffeine does the FDA recommend an adult consume per day?

Answer 23

400 mg

Question 24

What is the most commonly used psychoactive substance globally?

Answer 24

Caffeine

Question 25

Caffeine's mechanism of action

Answer 25

Speeds up production of adenosine (a CNS neuromodulator that slows down activities responsible for regulating sleep and cardiovascular blood flow.)

Question 26

What medical conditions has the FDA approved caffeine to treat?

Answer 26

-Low HR and oxygen levels in newborns -Postsurgical headaches -Migraines -Tension headaches

Question 27

Why is caffeine not recommended for children under 12?

Answer 27

Increase in blood pressure and poor sleep quality can lead to behavioral and emotional difficulties.

Question 28

Caffeine withdrawal symtoms

Answer 28

Headaches, irritability, sluggishness, gastrointestinal issues, depressed mood, sleep problems.

Question 29

Bath salts, or synthetic cathinones

Answer 29

Cathinone is derived from the khat shrub and chewing the leaves of the plant produce a stimulant effect.

Question 30

Yohimbe

Answer 30

A species of evergreen tree indigenous to Africa. The bark can treat erectile dysfunction and enhance libido. Yohimbine is legal, yohimbe is not.

Question 31

Kratom

Answer 31

The most commonly used illegal substance in Thailand. Creates feelings of pleasure, rapid heart rate, and relaxation. Can be brewed as tea or taken as a powder.

Question 32

Ephedra

Answer 32

Evergreen tree, teats colds, headaches, fever, and congestion. Used to treat obesity and fatigue/enhance athletic performance. In 2004 it was banned.

Question 33

Betel Nut

Answer 33

When chewed, betel nut produces stimulant effects and leaves a deep red or purple stain around the lips and mouth.

Question 34

How long does it take to develop psychological and physical dependence with CNS stimulants?

Answer 34

A month

Question 35

CMEA

Answer 35

Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act , 2005