Coal Combustion

Question 1

Ultimate source of energy for coal

Answer 1

Sun

Question 2

Coal consists of

Answer 2

compressed altered remains of vegetation

Question 3

Coal formation (as it is compressed/lowered)

Answer 3

1. peat
2. lignite
3. bituminous coal
4. anthracite coal

Question 4

Subjected to highest temperatures/pressures and therefore burns more cleanly

Answer 4

Anthracite coal

Question 5

Coal is considered a ___________ rock

Answer 5

Biochemical

Question 6

Coal is mostly made of

Answer 6

Carbon

Question 7

Combustion reaction

Answer 7

Hydrocarbon reacts with O2 and releases a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat and produces CO2 and H20

Question 8

CH4 + 2O2 –> CO2 + 2H2O

Answer 8

Combustion of methane

Question 9

C3H8 + 5O2 –> 3CO2 + 4H2O

Answer 9

Combustion of propane

Question 10

Combustion reaction is exo or endothermic…why

Answer 10

exo - because it releases energy in the form of light and heat

Question 11

Insufficient oxygen supply during combustion causes

Answer 11

Production of carbon monoxide

Question 12

Colourless, odourless, very poisonous gas

Answer 12

Carbon monoxide

Question 13

Why is carbon monoxide poisiounous

Answer 13

Takes the place of O2 in hemoglobin molecule in blood supply of lungs - causing asphyxiation (suffocation)

Question 14

Main by-product of coal combustion

Answer 14

CO2

Question 15

How many grams of CO2 is produced for every 12g of Carbon burnt

Answer 15

44

Question 16

Contributes to the formation of acid rain

Answer 16

sulfur oxide released by coal burning

Question 17

Datong Coal Mining Group location

Answer 17

China

Question 18

Proportion of CO2 emissions from China

Answer 18

1/5 of world

Question 19

Concerns in China about environment overshadowed by

Answer 19

Income created by coal mining industry

Question 20

Coal-fired power plants produce __________ of China’s electricity

Answer 20

2/3

Question 21

Percentage of China’s electricity made my solar

Answer 21

2%

Question 22

Percentage of China’s electricity made my wind

Answer 22

3%

Question 23

Domestic use of coal in rural China

Answer 23

Primary fuel for cooking due to lack of wood

Question 24

Cause for arsenic poisoning from domestic coal burning in China

Answer 24

Drying chilli peppers over coal-burning stoves

Question 25

Casualties from arsenic poisoning caused by domestic coal burning in China

Answer 25

3000 people in Guizhou Province

Question 26

Symptoms of arsenic poisoning

Answer 26

Hyperpigmentation, black skin lesions, cancers

Question 27

Coal, as ppm, in China vs USA

Answer 27

35,000 ppm China 22 ppm USA

Question 28

More than 10 million people in the Guizhou Province (China) affected by

Answer 28

Fluorine poisoning from domestic coal burning

Question 29

Symptoms of fluorine poisoning from domestic coal burning

Answer 29

mottling of tooth enamel, limited joint movement, osteosclerosis, bow legs, spinal curvature

Question 30

Cause of fluorine poisoning in China

Answer 30

Food consumption - eating corn dried over fluorine-rich coal fires

Question 31

Where are the Appalachains

Answer 31

East of USA

Question 32

Historically one of the poorest regions in the USA

Answer 32

Appalachia

Question 33

Why was the Appalachian region perfect for creating a single-industry coal economy to exert control over the people

Answer 33

Due to its poverty

Question 34

All areas of Appalachia share what problems

Answer 34

Rural poverty, inadequate jobs, services, transportation, and infrastructure

Question 35

What did many Appalachians give up to coal mining companies

Answer 35

Rights to land

Question 36

What percentage of residents controls less than half of the land

Answer 36

99

Question 37

Mountaintop removal

Answer 37

Form of surface coal mining: deforestation, then blasting - removes top of mountain to expose coal seams

Question 38

What type of coal mining occurs in the Appalachia

Answer 38

Mountaintop removal

Question 39

Valley fill

Answer 39

Excess soil from MTR dumped into nearby streams or valleys

Question 40

MTR and valley filling can lead to

Answer 40

- fragmentation of forests - conversion of habitats - loss of large tracts and forested areas

Question 41

Health effects of MTR

Answer 41

Cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, COPD, birth defects

Question 42

Heart defects go up by what percentage in MTR areas

Answer 42

181

Question 43

MTR increases what in watersheds

Answer 43

Salinity, metals, magnesium, and sulfates

Question 44

There are strong correlations between heavy coal mining countries and a greater risk of

Answer 44

Depression and severe psychological distress

Question 45

Is MTR used in Alberta

Answer 45

No