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GLGY 308 Final > Mercury > Flashcards

Mercury Flashcards

1
Q

Where is mercury found

A
  • rocks
  • cinnabar
  • background in soil, air and water
  • gas emitted by volcanos
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2
Q

Increased since industrial revolution

A

Applications for mercury

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3
Q

Create mercury vapour

A

Base metal smelting and gold mining

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4
Q

HgS

A

Cinnabar (main mineral is mercury)

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5
Q

2/3 of total mercury emissions in US

A

Industry sectors

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6
Q

3 industrial categories responsible for mercury emissions

A
  1. medical waste incinerators
  2. municipal waste combusters
  3. coal-fired power plants
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7
Q

Which of the 3 industrial emitters of mercury has yet to significantly reduce their mercury emissions

A

Coal-fired power plants

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8
Q

2011 US EPA emission legislation to power plants

A
  • 99% mercury prevented
  • 88% reduction of acid gas
  • 41% reduction of sulfur dioxide
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9
Q

Chemical forms of mercury

A
  1. elemental
  2. inorganic
  3. organic
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10
Q

Elemental mercury

A

Liquid metal

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11
Q

Inorganic mercury

A
  • mercury chloride
  • mercuric sulfide (cinnabar)
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12
Q

Organic mercury

A
  • Methyl, ethyl, dimethyl mercury
  • phenyl organic groups
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13
Q

Methylmercury

A

Mercury converted by bacteria in aquatic sediments

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14
Q

Biomagnifies in aquatic animals

A

Methylmercury

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15
Q

Percentage of absorption of methylmercury in GI tract

A

100%

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16
Q

Major source of organic mercury for humans

A

Methylmercury

17
Q

How does mercury get into humans

A
  1. emitted in power plant
  2. precipitates back to earth
  3. aquatic bacteria convert to methylmercury
  4. fish accumulate methylmercury through food chain
  5. people eat fish
18
Q

Reproductive neurotoxin that affects brain and CNS

A

Mercury

19
Q

Greatest risk to mercury

A

Pregnant women, women of childbearing age, children

20
Q

Fetal mercury dammage

A

Mercury can cross placenta and cause irreparable neurological damage to fetus

21
Q

2001 mercury CDC study of women in US

A

1 in 10 women have high enough levels to cause neurological damage to children

22
Q

Mass methylmercury poisoning incident

A

1971 Iraq poison grain disaster

23
Q

Paresthesia, ataxia and vision loss

A

= (Numbness of skin and lack of muscle control)

symptoms in Iraqi grain disaster

24
Q

Poison grain in Iraq

A

Grain treated with methymercury fungicide, not intended for human consumption, imported from Mexico and US

25
Q

Death toll of 1971 Iraq poison grain disaster

A

459 people

26
Q

Minamata disease

A

Neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning

27
Q

Cause of Minamata disease in Japan

A

Release of methymercury in the industrial wastewater from the Chisso Corp. chemical factory accumulated in shellfish and fish

28
Q

Death toll of Minamata disease in Japan

A

1,784 out of 2,265 victims

29
Q

Cause of Minamata disease in Ontario First Nations People

A

Drygen Chemical Company dumped over 9,000kg of mercury into Wabigoon-English river system where it was converted to methylmercury by bacteria

30
Q

More than 90% of which First Nations groups show signs of mercury poisioning in Ontario

A

Grassy Narrows and Whitedog

31
Q

Dental amalgam

A

Dental filling made of liquid elemental mercury and allot of silver, tin and copper

32
Q

What percentage of amalgam is mercury

A

50

33
Q

Risk associated with amalgum fillings

A

Can release mercury vapor

34
Q

Pros of dental amalgum

A

Strong, long-lasting and least expensive

35
Q

FDS on dental amalgum

A

Safe for adults and children over 6

36
Q

FDA recommendation for current amalgam fillings

A

If they are in good shape, keep them, because taking them off can release vapor

37
Q

Health Canada estimation for amount of mercury released per day by amalgam fillings

A

3 millionths of a gram out of 9 millionths of a gram from all sources

GLGY 308 Final (11 decks)

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