Coastal Management Case Studies Flashcards Preview

Physical Geography - Coasts > Coastal Management Case Studies > Flashcards

Flashcards in Coastal Management Case Studies Deck (25)
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1
Q

which of the 11 sediment cells is the Holderness Coast in>

A

2

2
Q

outline the geology along the Holderness Coast

A

Flamborough head - chalk headland which is resistant but vertical crack/joints run through it making it vulnerable to weathering and erosional processes
most cliffs are made from boulder clay

3
Q

what are the main inputs in sediment cell 2

A

sediment via longshore drift

mass movement of the cliffs

4
Q

characteristics of cliffs on the holderness coast

A

weak and unconsolidated

5
Q

what are the main factors that affect the holderness coast system

A

geology
wind power - NE winds with a long fetch from the north sea
wave energy

6
Q

what land forms are associated with Flamborough head on the holderness coast

A

cliffs and wave cut platforms

caves stacks arches

7
Q

how much has the coastline of the holderness coast retreated since Roman times

A

5km

8
Q

what is the rate of erosion on the holderness coast

A

up to 10m a year

fastest eroding coastline in Europe

9
Q

why are coastal defence along Spurn Head Spit no longer maintained?

A

groynes : they exacerbate long shore drift further down the coast, they are too expensive
since the Yorkshire Naturalist’s Trust bought it they have been unable to afford maintenance

10
Q

Where is the Sefton Coast?

A

Merseyside, North of Liverpool

stretches 12 miles between Southport and Waterloo

11
Q

outline the need for coastal management at Sefton

A

sea level rise makes the coastline more vulnerable to erosion
protects ports and tourism industry
protects local specials

12
Q

what local species would be protected at Sefton?

A

natterjack toads and red squirrels

13
Q

what soft engineering management strategies have been used at Sefton

A

afforestation - planting xmas trees on the sea ward edge of dunes
signage and warnings along the beach

14
Q

why is afforestation used at sefton? how is it sustainable?

A

encourages dune regeneration and provides a greener area

15
Q

what sorts of signage and warnings are used at sefton?

A

fencing off certain areas
boardwalks
directions to the beach for visitors to follow
banning off road vehicles

16
Q

what makes the use of signage and warnings at sefton sustainable?

A

protects the environment from human intervention that could damage the dunes
minimal costs make it economically viable
rarely needs maintaining

17
Q

why have local authorities adopted soft engineering strategies at sefton?

A

to seek a sustainable and manageable future for future generations

18
Q

where is morcambe and heysham?

A

Lancashire, nw england

19
Q

how much of the morcambe coastline is protected by sea defences?

A

8.5km

20
Q

how much was spent on coastal defneces at morcambe between 1989 and 2007?

A

£28 million

21
Q

what are the five hard engineering strategies used at the morcambe/heysham coastline?

A
10 breakwaters/rock groynes using locally sourced limestone
rip rap
traditional re curved sea wall
500 gabions
concrete revetments
22
Q

what are the main land uses at morcambe/heysham

A
Heysham nuclear power station
Heysham port
residential
retail
seaside tourise
hotels/guest houses
golf club
23
Q

what evidence suggests the morcambe/heysham defence systems are sustainable to an extent

A

all limestone materials were sourced from quarries less than 10km away from the sites, reduces the carbon footprint
location of the breakwaters and groynes encourage beach formation and acts as a soft engineering strategy to reinforce the hard defences

24
Q

what is Morcambe bay classified as?

A

a Site of Special Scientific interest (SSSI) and Special Area of Conservation (SAC)

25
Q

why does Morcambe being classed as a SAC help it be sustainable?

A

because it helps protect and promot the growth of biodiversity in the coastal environtment