Cognition Flashcards
(26 cards)
Mood-Congruent Memory
A memory process that selectively retrieves memories that match (are congruent with) one’s mood.
Priming
implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences a response to another stimulus.
Serial Position Effect
is the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst.
Proactive Interference
theory regarding human memory. Interference occurs in learning when there is an interaction between the new material and transfer effects of past learned behavior, memories or thoughts that have a negative influence in comprehending the new material.
Retroactive interference
l the tendency for the retention of learned material or skills to be impaired by subsequent learning, esp by learning of a similar kind.
Misinformation Effect
happens when our recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information.
Convergent Thinking
generally means the ability to give the “correct” answer to standard questions that do not require significant creativity.
Divergent Thinking
thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions.
Encoding
allows the perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within the brain and recalled later from short term or long term memory.
Retrieval
process of getting something back from somewhere.
Parallel Processing
is the ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli of differing quality.
Sensory Memory
allows individuals to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased.
Iconic Memory
the visual sensory memory (SM) register pertaining to the visual domain and a fast-decaying store of visual information.
Spacing Effort
phenomenon whereby animals (including humans) more easily remember or learn items when they are studied a few times spaced over a long time span rather than repeatedly studied in a short span of time.
Testing Effect
psychological phenomenon that refers to an enhancement in the long-term retention of information as a result of taking a memory test.
Deep Processing
when you deeply process information in a meaningful way so that it is more likely to be stored in memory.
Flashbulb Memory
highly detailed, exceptionally vivid ‘snapshot’ of the moment and circumstances in which a piece of surprising and consequential news was heard.
Heuristic
enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves.
Mental Set
mental set is a framework for thinking about a problem.
Telegraphic Speech
speech during the two-word stage of language acquisition in children, which is laconic and efficient.
Linguistic Determinism
idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception.
Noam Chomsky
L
Hermann Ebbinghaus
pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect & learning curve.
Wolfgang Kohler
contributed to the creation of Gestalt psychology.
