Development

Question 0

Embyro

Answer 0

the developing prenatal organism from about 2 weeks through 2 months after conception.

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Question 2

Fetus

Answer 2

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

Question 3

Maturation

Answer 3

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

Question 4

Cognition

Answer 4

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Question 5

Cognitive

Answer 5

are mental concepts that organize and interpret information. They are found in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.

Question 6

Attachment

Answer 6

an emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to a caregiver and showing distress on separation.

Question 7

Imprinting

Answer 7

the process by which certain animals form attachments early in life, usually during a limited critical period.

Question 8

Temperament

Answer 8

temperament refers to those aspects of an individual’s personality, such as introversion or extroversion, that are often regarded as innate rather than learned.

Question 9

Gender Role

Answer 9

theoretical construct involving a set of social and behavioral norms that, within a specific culture, are widely considered to be socially appropriate for individuals of a specific sex.

Question 10

Transgender

Answer 10

state of one’s gender identity or gender expression not matching one’s assigned sex.

Question 11

Intimacy

Answer 11

in Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Question 12

X Chromosome

Answer 12

The X’s are part of the sex-determining cells, women have two while men have one X and one Y.

Question 13

Y chromosome

Answer 13

The other sex-determining cell, that actually determines the sex of an organism.

Question 14

Testosterone

Answer 14

Is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and is found in both women and men but mostly in men.

Question 15

Menopause

Answer 15

the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.

Question 16

Cross-Sectional Study

Answer 16

in this study people of different ages are compared with one another.

Question 17

Longitudinal Study

Answer 17

in this study the same people are tested and retested over a period of years.

Question 18

Jean Piaget

Answer 18

Switzerland Psychologist that developed Cognitive Development theory- 4 distinct stages.
thought of children as “little scientists”- constructing their understanding of the world.

Question 19

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 19

emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development, Developed the idea of the “Zone of Proximal Development,” mainly focused on cognitive development of children.

Question 20

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 20

Lorenz studied instinctive behavior in animals, especially in greylag geese and jackdaws. Working with geese, he investigated the principle of imprinting.

Question 21

Harry Harlow

Answer 21

Harry Harlow psychologist who researched the relationship of body contact and nourishment to attachment, using HAIRY infant monkeys and HAIRY artificial mothers.

Question 22

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 22

Mary Ainsworth Developmental Psychology (placed human infants into a “Strange situation” in order to examine attatchment to parents; strange but WORTH it.

Question 23

Diana Baumrind

Answer 23

developmental psychologist known for her research on parenting styles and for her critique of deception in psychological research.

Question 24

Carol Gilligan

Answer 24

She maintained that Kohlber's work was developed only observing boys and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral judgements of men and women.

Question 25

Albert Bandura

Answer 25

Bobo doll studies; concentrated studies on observational learning (a.k.a. modeling). He is known as the originator of social learning theory and the theoretical construct of self-efficacy.

Question 26

Kohlberg

Answer 26

cognition, moral development; Contributions: 6 stages of moral development (pre-conventional-rewards/punishments, conventional-social acceptance/law or against law, post-conventional-higher sense of morality.

Question 27

Erik Erikson

Answer 27

People evolve through 8 stages over their life span. Each stage marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting, "Trust vs. Mistrust, Intimacy vs. Isolation.

Question 28

Sigmund Freud

Answer 28

Developed psychoanalytic theory; believed interactions between the conscious and unconscious mind shaped behavior.