Motivation, Emotion, and Stress Flashcards
(34 cards)
Instinct
inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli.
Motivation
the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal.
Drive-Reduction Theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Homeostasis
the ability of a living thing to keep conditions inside its body constant.
Incentive
rewards or other stimuli that motivate us to act.
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Set Point
theory belief that brain mechanisms regulate body weight around a genetically predetermined ‘set point’.
Basal Metabolic Rate
The Basal Rate is the rate at which the body uses energy when it is at rest. When a Person or animal has a Weight Increase Above his Set Point, He is likely to experience a Decrease in Hunger and a Increase in this Rate.
Sexual Response
The four stages of sexual responding described by Matsters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Refractory Response
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm; (neurology) the time after a neuron fires or a muscle fiber contracts during which a stimulus will not evoke a response.
Sexual Dysfunction
Sexual disorders that involve the absence or failure of the sexual response (desire, arousal, and orgasm disorders).
Estrogens
sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
Testosterone
a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes.
Emotion
emotion a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.
James-Lange Theory
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli; physiological, cognitive, then behavior.
Cannon-Bard Theory
The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological and biological response followed by cognitive recognition and then emotional interpretation.
Two-Factor Theory
Schachter’s theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.
Polygraph
A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion.
Facial Feedback Effect
The effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.
Health Psychology
the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare.
General Adaption Syndrome
term used to describe the body’s short-term and long-term reactions to stress.
Tend and Befriend Response
a behavior exhibited by some animals, including humans, in response to threat.
Psychophysiological Illness
Psychophysiological Illness literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches. Note: This is distinct from hypochondriasis—misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.
