CognitionAI, 1a

Question 1

Representation and Computation - Friedenberg

Answer 1

Representation VS Computation

Representation:
- Symbolic Representations
- Dual Code Presentations (Analog & Digital)
- Propositional Representation

Computation:
- Cognitive processes = Computations preformed on representations
- Accounted for cognitive activities, such as perception,memory,etc

Question 2

Tri-Level Hypothesis (Marr)

Answer 2

1. Computational Level
   - Specification of problem
   - Purpose or reason of existence
2. Algorithmic Level
   - How the information is structured and processed
   - How to execute information processes
3. Implementation Level
   - Neural Mechanisms/Physical Components

Question 3

Cognitive Activities/Processes

Answer 3

Perception, Attention, Memory, Knowledge, Reasoning, Problem Solving, Language, Decision Making

Question 4

Plato VS Aristotle

Answer 4

Plato Aristotle
Mind/Body Dualism Monism
Knowledge Rationalism Empiricism
Origin of Mind Nature Nurture

Question 5

Wilhem Wandt

Answer 5

1. Structuralism
   - Decomposing mind into different elements/structures
   - Through methods such as introspection
2. Voluntarism
   - Active and willful nature of human consciousness
   - Individuals have control over mental processes
   - Can direct attention and consciousness towards stimuli
   - How individuals actively organize and interpret experiences
3. Physiological Pyschology
   - Relationship of bodily sensations and mental perceptions
   - How psychological processes effect psychological experiences
   - Through introspection
4. Volker Psychology
   - Cultural Psychology
   - High order and social processes (failed to study, too complex for introspection)

Question 6

Functionalism (William Jones)

Answer 6

• Critiques introspection method (“freezes” mind when asked to reflect on isolated mental states)
• Instead believes that mental states depend on the way they function, role it plays, system it is part of.
• The mind is a stream of consciousness, instead of decomposition

-Psychologist Fallacy: The assumption that people will experience in the same way

Question 7

Behaviourism (Watson, Skinner)

Answer 7

• How organisms adapt and function in environment
• Based on theory of evolution
• Environmental Stimuli on response, behaviour and consequence
• Rejected Introspection
• Used animals as framework for understanding human behaviour, through animal experiments
• Skinner, Radical Behaviourism

Question 8

Gestalt Psychology (Wertheimer, Koffka)

Answer 8

• Processing of entire parts, rather then individual analysis

1. Phi Phenomenon
   - Perception of movement
2. Law of Praganz
   - Organizes systems into coherent and meaningful whiles.
3. Kanizsa Triangle
   - Perceptual systems fill in missing information subconsciously, to create meaning and coherent perceptions