Cognitive development Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is included in cognitive development?
Thinking, problem solving, concept understanding, information processing and overall intelligence.
What is the domain general approach?
One line of development determines all other changes in the child’s intellectual repertoire, one fault will affect all areas.
What is the domain specific approahc?
Different lines of cognitive function operate independently from one another, modular heterogeneous system.
What did Piaget discover?
First person to see that children see differently to adults, did a lot of descriptive case studies.
What is Piaget’s theory?
Cognitive development centers around the idea that children develop as they interact with the environment, forming mental representations of the world based on stimuli and experiences.
What is assimilation?
The process of encoding and understanding information using current schemas.
What is accomodation?
The process of adapting old knowledge to new experiences or situations.
What is disequilibrium?
The state in which information in accomodation is new and different to those already held in schmas.
What is equilibrium?
The state in which information in assimilation is similar to those already held in schemas.
What is egocentrism?
A world from their own perspective.
What is a schema?
A mental representation, shortcut to information already stored in the brain accumulated from past experiences.
What is the stage theory?
That a child cannot develop to a later stage of growth unless the other stages have been met. Each stage has a main milestone that needs to be reached before progressing.
What is the sensorimotor stage, 0-2 years?
Intelligence in actions, child interacts in environment by manipulating objects.
What is the milestone task for the sensorimotor stage?
Object permanence blanket task, understanding that the object is still there if it is hidden under a blanket.
What is the preoperational stage, 2-7 years?
Thinking is dominated by perception.
What is the milestone for the preoperational stage?
Mountain task, doll placed and had to say which parts of the mountain the doll could see.
Policeman task, child is asked to place doll in placed where a policeman positioned couldn’t see.
Why do children of a younger age pass the policeman task but not the mountain task?
Because the mountain concept is harder to grasp as it is not as child friendly.
What is the idea of egocentric conversation?
Children conversation focus is on their own topics and do not take in too much information from the other person.
What is the concrete operational stage, 7-12?
Children begin to reason logically about the world, solve conversational problems but largely concrete rather than abstract.
What is the milestone in the concrete operational stage?
Pouring liquid from one glass to another one of the same volume but different shape, child should be able to recognise that the amount of liquid did not change. Can be repeated with a solid too such as clay.
What is the problems with the concrete operational task?
Children may fail due to the specifics of the explanation and wording of the task and the questions being asked twice.
What is the formal operational stage, 12 onwaards?
Children begin to think abstractly and see consequences of actions and moral reasoning.
How has Piaget’s theory implicated education?
Due to the idea that children need environmental learning as well as intellectual tasks are usually paired with questions.
What are the critiques of Piaget?
His theories are culturally biased and ethnocentric, does not consider school or education impacting development, doesn’t consider the processes behind the theories.
