Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 1

● What is cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 1

The scientific study of brain structures and internal mental processes

Question 2

● What techniques are used in cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 2

fMRI and PET scans

Question 3

● What does fMRI stand for?

Answer 3

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 4

● What does PET stand for?

Answer 4

Positron Emission Tomography

Question 5

● What do brain scans investigate?

Answer 5

How brain activity determines mental processes

Question 6

● What area of the brain is responsible for episodic memory?

Answer 6

Hippocampus

Question 7

● What area of the brain is responsible for semantic memory?

Answer 7

Temporal lobe

Question 8

● Who conducted research into types of LTM using brain scans?

Answer 8

Tulving

Question 9

● What memory tasks were used in Tulving’s study?

Answer 9

Episodic and semantic memory

Question 10

● What do cognitive neuroscientists compare brain scans of?

Answer 10

People with and without disorders

Question 11

● What can brain scanning identify?

Answer 11

Structural differences and abnormalities

Question 12

● What is an example of structural difference in schizophrenia?

Answer 12

Enlarged ventricles

Question 13

● What does cognitive neuroscience combine?

Answer 13

Cognition and biological processes

Question 14

● What is the benefit of fMRI scans?

Answer 14

Identify which brain areas are active during certain activities

Question 15

● What is Broca’s area responsible for?

Answer 15

Language production

Question 16

● What is neurorehabilitation?

Answer 16

Recovery of lost brain functions

Question 17

● What is one goal of cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 17

Understand internal processes through brain structure

Question 18

● What does Tulving’s research demonstrate?

Answer 18

Different LTM types are located in different brain areas

Question 19

▲ Why are comparisons between healthy and disordered brains important?

Answer 19

To locate physical basis of cognitive deficits

Question 20

▲ How did Tulving identify where semantic memory is located?

Answer 20

Using tasks in PET scans

Question 21

▲ Why is Broca’s area important in neuroscience?

Answer 21

It links brain area to a specific function

Question 22

▲ How do PET scans show the physical location of mental processes?

Answer 22

By detecting active brain areas during tasks

Question 23

▲ How can cognitive neuroscience help patients with disorders?

Answer 23

By identifying areas for targeted intervention

Question 24

▲ How do brain scans support cognitive models?

Answer 24

They provide empirical evidence for specific brain functions

Question 25

▲ Why was Tulving’s research influential?

Answer 25

It showed distinct brain regions for memory types

Question 26

▲ What is one application of identifying Broca’s area?

Answer 26

Speech and language therapy

Question 27

▲ What does larger ventricles in schizophrenia suggest?

Answer 27

Brain abnormality linked to symptoms

Question 28

▲ Why are neuroimaging techniques essential to cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 28

They allow observation of active brain regions

Question 29

▲ What cognitive process is linked to hippocampus?

Answer 29

Episodic memory

Question 30

▲ What does cognitive neuroscience rely on for data collection?

Answer 30

Brain imaging

Question 31

✪ Why does cognitive neuroscience use scientific methods?

Answer 31

It is based on objective and empirical techniques of brain scans sich as PET and fMRI scans.

Question 32

✪ How do fMRI and PET scans contribute to raising Psychology's scientific status?

Answer 32

They measure brain activity directly, reducing subjectivity in research.

Question 33

✪ How did Tulving's use of PET scans increase the scientific credibility of LTM research?

Answer 33

It identified separate brain areas for episodic and semantic memory.

Question 34

✪ Why might cognitive neuroscience research lack mundane realism?

Answer 34

Tasks used in scans (e.g., imagine you are riding a bike) are artificial and may not reflect real-life behaviour.

Question 35

✪ How does identifying Broca’s area contribute to applied psychology?

Answer 35

It helps treat language deficits through neurorehabilitation

Question 36

✪ Why might fMRI scans be preferred over PET scans?

Answer 36

They provide more detailed, real-time images with higher resolution.