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Cognitive Psychology > Cognitive Neuroscience > Flashcards

Cognitive Neuroscience Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Is neural activity chemical or electrical?

A

Both

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2
Q

How are neurotransmitters brought into the cell?

A

Dendrites

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3
Q

Neurotransmitters either provide _______ or _______ signals

A

Excitatory

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4
Q

If an excitatory signal is sufficient, what is elicited?

A

An action potential

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5
Q

What does an action potential create?

A

Electrical signal that travels down the axon

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6
Q

The terminal buttons release…

A

Neurotransmitters

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7
Q

Neurotransmitters are released into….

A

The synapse

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8
Q

What does an Action Potential do to ions?

A

Redistributes them

Creates a positive charge within the cell (hyper polarise)

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9
Q

The inside of the cell contains a resting state charge of…

A

-70mv

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10
Q

What does an action potential do the charge of the cell?

A

Hyper polarises it

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11
Q

How many lobes is the brain composed of?

A

Four

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12
Q

The lobes in the brain are organised according to…

A

Cognitive function

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13
Q

True or false

The lobes in the brain are organised according to size

A

False

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT a lobe in the brain?

Frontal lobe
Medial lobe
Temporal lobe 
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
A

Medial lobe

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15
Q

Active neurons burn energy.

How is this energy replenished?

A

Blood

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16
Q

Why is it possible to distinguish between oxygen-rich blood and oxygen depleted blood?

A

Oxygen rich blood contains HAEMOGLOBIN which contains iron

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17
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

Protein which carries oxygen

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18
Q

What can measuring the BOLD response tell us?

A

Which parts of the brain were active recently

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19
Q

Which is the most common method of brain imaging?

A

fMRI

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20
Q

Why is it useful to see which parts of the brain were active recently, in BOLD?

A

Tells us which parts are used in tasks

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21
Q

Does fMRI have good or bad temporal resolution?

A

Good

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22
Q

What is temporal resolution?

A

Precision of a measurement in regard to time

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT a drawback of fMRI?

Very noisy
Cannot use any metal based equipment
The same patient can only be tested ONCE due to radioactivity
Is not a direct measure of activity

Study These Flashcards
A

Same patient can only be tested once - there is no radiation involved

24
Q

What is TMS

Study These Flashcards
A

Method causing depolarisation or hyper-polaristion of neurons in the brain

25
Does hyper polarisation increase or decrease brain activity?
Increase
26
How is TMS used?
Electromagnets induce weak electric currents in cortex
27
What two functions can TMS carry out?
a) motor evoked potential e.g. twitches | b) simulated temporary lesion
28
What is a simulated temporary lesion?
(TMS) | Prevents normal function of a brain region temporarily
29
What is one thing TMS can be used to treat, and what is it?
Spatial neglect Patients who only acknowledge one side of their vision
30
What are 3 benefits of using TMS?
1) Portable 2) Can stimulate/lesion 3) No adverse effects
31
What are two drawbacks of TMS?
Difficult to specify precise regions Only surface regions
32
In EEG, where are the electrodes placed?
On scalp
33
In EEG, what are the electrodes used to measure?
Electrical signals | Changes in voltage over time
34
What is an example of a motion artefact, that might affect a brain imaging technique?
Blinking
35
What is a major benefit of EEG?
Good temporal resolution
36
What are two drawbacks of EEG?
Weak spatial resolution | How can you determine which brain regions caused a pattern of activity?
37
What does ERP stand for?
Event related potential
38
What is an ERP?
Measured brain response to a specific stimulus
39
ERPs are difficult to separate from all background EEG data, so an .....
Average response is graphed
40
With ERPs, why is the average response graphed?
To reduce any extraneous neural activity
41
Where does early visual processing occur?
The Primary visual cortex
42
What is the slight temporal delay after neuron activity referred to?
Haemodynamic response
43
What does BOLD tell us?
Which parts of the brain most active/when
44
Is TMS invasive or invasive?
Invasive
45
TMS uses ______ induction to induce weak electric currents in the cortex
Electromagnetic
46
Which brain-imaging method can be used to evoke limb twitches?
TMS
47
Spatial neglect is the result of ________
A stroke
48
How can TMS be used to treat spatial neglect?
Stimulates (activates) neurons on the neglected side
49
Analysis of EEG signals may be task _______ or task ________
Dependent | Independent
50
How are EEG signals detected?
Each electrode given diff code | Amplifier measures changes in voltage
51
An ERP is the average of ___________
Many single trials
52
Which imaging techniques tells us about where early visual processing occurs?
FMRI EEG ERP
53
Where does early visual processing occur?
Primary visual cortex
54
What is the N170
ERP component that detects differentiation in neural response to faces/other stimuli
55
ERP inspection told us WHAT about the brain when processing faces/objects?
Diff ERP trace depending on category | Brain processes pics more deeply after 170ms
56
What is number conservation? (Piaget)
Ability to understand that a quantity will stage the same despite adjustment of container
57
In terms of number conservation, what was the difference between 5/6 year olds and 9/10 year olds?
99.7% of 9/10 year olds could conserve vs only 2.5% of 5/6 year olds

Cognitive Psychology (10 decks)

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