Cognitive Schemas and Self-Control

Question 1

Define and describe schema, entity schema and incremental schema.

Answer 1

Schema: Ways of thinking
Entity Schema: Ability that is resistant to change (Static)
- Fixed mindset: See effort as a bad thing.
- More resistance to feedback. Think they should just be good at something. Intimidated by others success.
Incremental Schema: Ability we can improve through experience (Malleable)
- Growth mindset

Question 2

what does it mean dual processing model?

Answer 2

• Two modes of cognition: effortful (conscious) and automatic (unconscious)

Question 3

describe the cognitive-experiential Self-Theory. describe both systems.

Answer 3

Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory: We experience reality through rational (effortful system - logical) and experiential – takes over when an event is emotionally charged (automatic).
- Rational system: Requires effort and self-control
- Experiential: Faster, automatic
- If we are emotionally attached to something its harder to think rationally.

Question 4

what does self-control mean?

Answer 4

Self-Control: Inhibiting urges, emotions, behaviours in order to reach some goal.

Question 5

is self-control the same as self-regulation? explain?

Answer 5

• A subset of self-regulation (self-regulation is automatic).
  o SR is long term and short term while self-control is long term.
• Delaying gradification to get a better goal later on

Question 6

What is the limited strength model of self-control?

Answer 6

Limited Strength model of Self-Control: Cognitive resources used for self-control will result in less self-control after that because its more difficult (if something used the automatic system, the action wont be affected).

Question 7

describe the study where people had to inhibit eating certain goods. interaction? main effect?

Answer 7

Research: Theres cookies and radishes. Don’t touch the cookies so you have to try not to have them . Consciously overcome impulse to have cookie,
- IV: Don’t eat cookies vs. don’t eat radishes
- Participants who ate cookies (20 mins)
- Participants who didn’t eat cookies (8 mins)

Question 8

describe teh study where individuals had to try and act differently. interaction? main effect?

Answer 8

Research Interpersonally: research where people who have to try and act differently deplete more cognitive energy and are unable to use effortful self-control later.
o Depleted individuals had a harder time doing self-control
o Two IV and dependent variable is measure of SC.
o Interaction

Question 9

describe the study about handcrip and emotion, and the study about glucose levels.

Answer 9

Research: Increased emotion and inhibited emotions held the handgrip less than those naturally emotion.
Research: Exerting more self control leads to lower glucose levels for cognitive function. (interaction)

Question 10

under what circumstances does self-control feel less depleting?

Answer 10

• Self-Control feels less depleting when its from autonomous
• Motivation: Monetary rewards can replenish SC

Question 11

what is resource conservation?

Answer 11

Resource Conservation: When SC is depleting people become more picky about how they spend their cognitive energy. But the activities have to be meaningful in some way.

Question 12

what do we know about individuals with higher trait self-control

Answer 12

Self-Control Trait: People who practice more self-control have higher SC trait.
- Get better grades
- Impulse control
- More self-Esteem.
- Lower SC is associated with infidelity

Question 13

what are a few ways we can build self-control?

Answer 13

conscious effort, knowing limits, picking battles, and avoid planning fallacy.