Personal Need for Structure & Shame and Guilt Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are two ideas regarding why we need structure to operate?
- Social cognitive idea that we enjoy simplicity because it uses less cognitive resources and more of our experiential brain. Thus we are cognitive misers.
- Meaning & alleviates Anxiety: Structure gives us order and puts less stress on our rational mind. Easier to distinguish meaning. Can get anxiety from no structure
What is personal need for structure? What can we say about people who are high/low. how is it measured?
the extent to which people need structure in their lives. High PNS people are rigid, need thing stop be structured and organized. Low PNS people enjoy spontaneity.
Measured as a type but collected as a quantitative continuous by categorized into types at both ends of the distribution.
Recall a study measuing Desire for structure vs. response to lack of structure results.
high PNS have higher desire for structure and a high anxoety resonse to lack of structure.
Recall some correlations with PNS factors and openess to experience, conscientiousness, neruoticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and intelligence.
both PNS factors correlate negatively with openess to experience. people high in openess to experience are less rigid and dont need as much control.
Desire for structure is positively correlated with conscioentiousness
Lack of structure is positively correlated with neuroticism and negatively correlated with extraversion.
no significant relationship between PNS and greaableness.
Minimal negative relationships with intelligence nad PNS.
distinguish between stereotypes, discriminations, and prejudice.
stereotupes are overgeneralized beliefs about groups of people that are usually biased and icnorrect. can be positive.
pregudice is negative feelings while discrimination is negative behaviours.
what do we know about high PNS and sterotypes
more likely to sterotype.
what do we know about high PNS and mortality salience of personal need for structure related to abstract art. What kind of experiment>
High PNS cling to structure for MS and rate abstract art negatively. under the condition there is uinformation about an abstract piece that provides structure, high PNS will like it more. Low PNS will embrace uncertanty and actually want more of it.
Quasi-experimental. Interaction.
what is an emotion. what is adaptive about them? wjhat are teh 5 universal ones?
mental state involved in evaluation of our experiences. adaptive in responding to environemtnal dangers and opportunities.
Hppiness, fear, disgust, suprise, sadness, anger
what are self-conscious emotions. what is embarrassment?
shame, guilt. amd embarrassment (painful self-consciousness) evoke self-conscious feelings.
we would say that guilt and shame are _____ emotions, that translate to _________. They are ___ emotions because…
moral emotions because they result from doing somethign that violates our beliefs. they stranslate into body movements/postures.
what do we know about the difference between shame and guilt
shame is I did something wrong. focussed on me.
guilt is i did soemthing wrong focussed on actions.
what do we know about the reaction of shame in body postures, where does the concern lie, and some reactions that can be accompanied.
feeling small
concern is how youre viewed, can react aggresively.
where does the concern come from with guilt? how is it adaptive? what is the reaction?
concern is with how you impacted someone else. tension and remorse.
desire to apologize
adaptive because it leads to reperation behaviours to avoid those behaviours, amend social bonds, and motivate reconnection.
how is shame and guilt measured?
continuous varaibles.
is shame and guilt associated to which of teh following: Hiding vs. amending, other-orientated empathy, anger and aggression, psychological symptoms.
Hiding (shame) vs. amending (guilt)
other-orientated empathy (guilt)
enger (shame)
psychological symptoms (shame has lower self-esteem)
what is controversially adaptive about shame?
Adaptive for appeasement and communicating submission. Surrendering before threat may alleviate threat.
when is guilt maladaptive?
1/ When feelings are fused with shame we put mor energy into cognition regarding our own characteristics
2. exaggerated or distorted sense of responsibility
3. When opportunities for reparation are blocked there is no way to apologize so you feel bad.
